Animal Health Assignment (Includes pathogens- ie. viruses, bacteria, protozoa etc. and vaccination)

Health is a state of physical and psychological well-being. Health is compromised by disease. Disease is any condition which causes deviation from the normal conditions you expect to see during an animals life. Disease is caused by micro organisms called pathogens; these include viruses, bacteria and protozoa.

VIRUSES

Size: between 30 and 300 nm

Viruses argon a protein rise up about a deoxyribonucleic acid or RNA strand.

They are not living cells as they have no transfiguration of their own.

They are all parasites which reproduce within host cells and down them.

Methods of spoilion include:

*By water

*By droplet (sneezing)

*By sender (another animal which carries the disease without developing it itself, eg. Mosquitoes, fleas)

Method of Infection (virus)

1) Virus injects DNA (genes) into bacterium.

2) Virus genes parade assembly of hundreds of saucily viruses- killing bacterium.

3) untested viruses freed from dead cell to attack further bacteria.

BACTERIA

Size: between 0.1 and 10µm

Cell is unique in not having:

*Nuclear tissue layer around its single(a) loop chromosome so there is no nucleus.

*Mitochondria (cell membrane has no function)

Reproduction is carried out asexually by binary fission.

Binary fission

1) Starts with single cell

2)Cross wall laid down middleof the cell

3)Cell splits in 2 to form new cells

Bacterial Shapes

Coccus Bacillus Vibrio Spirillum

Bacteria can be both assistive and harmful.



They are living cells which will multiply very chop-chop in the right conditions by cell division. Harmful bacteria attack tissues or release poisons.

Both bacteria and viruses can infect animals in the following ways:

*By air- inhaling minute droplets of give mucous expelled during coughing and sneezing.

*By water- especially if contaminated by faeces eg. Cholera and dysentery

*By mud- introduced into wounds eg. Tetanus and gangrene

*Sexually- during copulation

*By vectors eg. Mosquitoes- chicken fever

In general viruses...

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