An Introduction to Fermats hold Theorem
Fermat claimed to moderate found a make of the theorem at an early stage in his career. Much later he spent time and effort proving the cases n=4 and n=5. Had he had a create to his theorem earlier, there would have been no motivating for him to study specific cases. It is likely that he found a mistake in his own evidence before he had a chance to announce the result, and never bothered to erase the marginal comment because it never occurred to him that anyone would externalise it there.1
Fermats Last Theorem was not actually an important landmark in the development of mathematics, but has precipitated considerable research of signifi lavatoryt stupor on number theory and algebraic geometry 2. It was only in the end solved by a (mildly) obsessed professor, who had a personal struggle with the problem. in that respect was virtually no money to be gained by its proof, and generated slender interest outside the mathematical fraternity.
Analysis
Fermat may have had the pursual proof in mind when he wrote his famous comment. 1. Fermat discover and applied the regularity of infinite descent, which, in particular can be used to prove Fermats Last Theorem for n=4. This method can actually be used to prove a stronger statement than Fermats Last Theorem for n=4, viz.
x4 + y4 = z2 has no non-trivial integer solutions. It is manageable and even likely that he had an incorrect proof of Fermats Last Theorem using this method when he wrote the famous theorem.
The incorrect proof probably goes something like this:
It is true that only the prime exponents need to be considered. So consider xn + yp = zp.
Let r be a primitive pth root of unity (complex number).
Then the equation is the same...
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