Ethnocentrism Tendency Essay

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that ones ethnic or ethnic group is centrally important, and that all otherwise groups are metric on ones avouch cultural evaluate. Ethnocentrism happens when one husbandry or nation places itself at the top of a self title hierarchy of cultures and nations and subsequently assigns other cultures and nations equivalent or lower value base on that scale. In other words, it is the proneness to think other cultures are of lesser worth because it is different from ones own culture.Ethnocentrism helps to hang in a culture from changing because it forces a culture to keep the same values and to be stubborn. If one culture bases other cultures aside of their own hierarchy scale, then they are less likely to be open to accept changes that other cultures may have or fatality to bring to them because of the importance their own values and traditions. Cultural or ethnic groups develop traditions as a way to guide their population and to unwr ap guidelines in life. If ones culture changes, then it may dissect the entire society, causing confusion and chaos. For example, in the film, Dishonorable Killings Punishing the Innocent, a man, who killed his own sister, explained that in his culture, family honor is extremely important because it represents the family as a whole in the community it is more important than life. When a member, peculiarly a woman, dishonors the family, it shames the family and forces them to get rid the disgrace by killing her.Ethnocentrism prat be both positive and negative for a cultural or ethnic group. It drop be in a positive get by because taking pride in beliefs and traditions elevates unity and solidarity among groups members, and it also strengthens the self-identity and self-esteem for individuals inwardly those groups. It can also help societies establish and reinforce guidelines and expectations among coexisting heap in all areas of the community. These expectations give societies the order and structure to hold them together, share them run smoothly and allowing them to thrive.A negative view of ethnocentrism are the assumptions based on individuals own perception, that what works for them must work for others and that if it doesnt, something is necessarily wrong, can cause harm, offense,ill-feelings or otherwise put a damper on further relations between different societies. It could also cause oppression, prejudice, and cultural degradation, which can lead to actions ranging from conformity to violent protest.

Student Service Enterprise Inventory System

STUDENT SERVICE go-ahead scrutinise SYSTEM A Concept Paper Presented to The Faculty of the College of predictr Studies Central Philippine University Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines In partial fulfilment Of the Requirements in CS318 inquiry Methods in IT By JanelynGrasparil BSIT 4 July, 2012 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview of the actual reconcile of engineering With the power of technology nowadays, quite a little get interested with computers. They tested to indulge themselves on it to have a productive result in a more than efficient and time saving function.It is highly sit in institutions like line enterprises, schools, hospitals, government and non government run. However, some of them ar still employ manual agreement. In this imply, we ac populateledge the value of computerized administration. mainframe computer Student answer Enterprise is a store inside the campus where students, faculty, and staffs seat demoralize goods, books, school supplies, P. E & school uniforms, etc. Each segments atomic number 18 as well purchasing supplies for their offices. One of the problems of s placeh s startheast is the manual neckc administrateh arrangement. The manual carcass is not accurate and time consuming. Quarterly, sou-sou-east is conducting their ancestry.When the blood line date is near graze students and staffs are bring uping either the goods or items that are operable in yellow paper. The paper contains the quantity, social unit, description, and unit price of an item. In the proper date of schedule, work students manu in altogether in aloney wager the goods or items. by and by counting all the available items, work students allow put the unit price of each item. Finding the prices is time consuming. It takes both to three weeks to finish set those items. Prices of the items are all in the ledger book. But some of the old line of merchandises items are hard to find their prices.After pricing all the items, th e book supportinger allow for encode that in Excel. After that, she provideing print it out and forward to the VPFE. Overview of the Desired State of Technology I would like to propose a computerized stocktaking brass to be makeed at the mainframe computer Student Service Enterprise, a formal computerized speak to to inventory storing. The organization provides the exploiter with unbendable, accurate data handling and retrieving. It makes adjustments for assertable problems prior to their occurrence, as opposed to traditional stop dodgings which looked at more historical demand and reacted to existing problems.Furthermore, it directly serves as the system for CPU Student Service Enterprise. This system allow for friend keep forcefulness from wasting their time counting supplies and trying to manually determine which products to buy and sell. The system also includes tracking of remaining inventory, tracking when new orders should be made, tracking which items are m ost popular and something to help the line ensconce what items are most profitable and which products to remove. They could also compare the inventory available at each customer to their corresponding needs. data on these transactions are very burning(prenominal) in determining the availability of dilate on the products in needs of reviewing. Statement of the Problem These are the following problems encountered by CPU Student Service Enterprise * The manual touch consumes in any case much time for the work students and staff and rigid time to process a transaction. * Inaccurate daily updating, recording, and supervise of inventory of productsthat goes in and out due to human errors in the manual system. * Time consuming recuperation due to manual search from numerous files. The availability of the product is baffling to identify due to lack of education regarding on files that are outdated. * sulky and inaccurate resulting to problems like lost of items and unable to tra ck the prices of an item. Objectives of the Study customaryplace Objective * This hit the books aims to solve the problems encountered and to change the manual(a) broth brass and develop a Computerized size up system of rules for CPU Student Service Enterprise. Specific Objectives * To have an accurate inventory of stocks by providing the system an synergetic graphical user interface that capable of actualizeing and handling accurate filling. To speed up the process of searching the data from the files. * To have a back up of data by creating a copy of database. * To move process of monitoring the inventory of products by providing the system a normalized database system for storing all updated details on the inventory. abstractive example Fast, Accurate, Reliable CPU SSE memorandum SYSTEM Inefficient, Slow Processing, Unorganized, Inaccurate agreements Theory Figure 1. 0 Theoretical Framework base on Systems opening Theoretical Framework The figure above shows the elements needed in the development of SSE Inventory System.It is a system that stores data of the products or an item. Signifi aro worktly, the manual processes are replaced by a computerized one and only(a) which utilizes data from the book storage of inventory, with the computerized inventory system, the user can easily review and monitor the current status of the products or an item, in which the overall processes are hastened using this system. System theory Systems theoryis theinterdisciplinary written report ofsystemsin general, with the goal of elucidating principles that can be applied to all types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research.System theory is the transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena, Independent of their substance, type, or spatial or secular scale of existence. It investigates both the principles common to all complex entities, and the ( commonly mathematical) feignings which can be used to describe them. (http //www. utwente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Communication%20Processes/System_Theory. doc/) Inventory system Keeping an inventory (stock of goods) for future sale or use is common in business.In order to meet demand on time, companies must keep on hand a stock of goods that is awaiting sale. The purpose of inventory theory is to determine rules that oversight can use to minimize the woos associated with maintaining inventory and meeting customer demand. Inventory is studied in order to help companies save large amounts of money. (http//www. whitman. edu/mathematics/SeniorProjectArchive/2006/zapponj2. pdf Conceptual Framework SECURITY INVENTORY MANAGEMENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Figure 2. 0 Conceptual Framework Conceptual frameworkThe figure above conveys the concept that composes a system. These concepts serve as the main basis of ideas on how the researchers derived and created the system digit and functionalities. DBMS A database management system (DBMS) is com puter software designed for the purpose of managing databases based on a variety of data models. It is a complex set of software curriculums that biddings the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. DBMS are categorized harmonise to their data structures or types. Inventory ManagementInventory management is earlier about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying be of inventory, addition management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, corporal inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting. (http//www. inventorymanagement. com/2007/07/inventory-management-definition. hypertext markup language)This will track down the stocks of materials if its available or not, ready to be used a nd if need to be ordered. Through the database, the inventory log will be used as bases of the stocks if which product is the most demand by the customer. Through this management can decide whether in what product they should rivet to meet customers needs and stick outation. Security Method of defend selective information, computer programs, and other computer system assets which is the hostage of computer assets and working capital equipment refers to computer location, access control, software protection, and storage procedures.The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intend users. (www. answers. com/topic/computer-security) Data and information will be secured, especially with stock in and out of materials. This will avoid any unauthorized transaction. A username and password will be provided to track th e person who will stock out and stock in a material. UsersEntity that has authority to use an application, equipment, facility, process, or system, or one who consumes or employs a good or service to obtain a benefit or to solve a problem, and who may or may not be the actual purchaser of the item. (http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/user. hypertext markup language) User will feel all the complexity of the system, easy to use with a user friendly interface that will let user easily record the flow of the system Scope and limitations of the study The Computerized Inventory System is intended only for CPU Student Enterprise.This study mainly focused on providing business application using computerized system that enables business to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction. This study looks into a better impact of using technology today on how it affects our daily lives especially for creation a customer. With these studies i t can help the beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today. An inventory system is a system used to keep track of a business products and supplies.These programs are invaluable tools for most businesses because they are able to terminate tasks rapidly that would take much longer if done manually. Only the administrator has the license to use the computerized reservation system. It also excludes support and other transactions according to the system. Significance of the Study The study will be of great use to the customers and workers of CPU Student Service Enterprise. The study, through its output, can assist the SSE in accomplishing tasks in a shorter period of time. Aside from this, the proposed system has a storage system for data retrieval of previous inventories.The proposed system utilizes the topper way to organize the database type of system and to im invoke the services of the great deal involve. Moreover, the compute rized system will guide the management in deciding division involving assigning process. Manager will be informed on transaction through print out reports. Thus, the VPFE can manage well its pay and more likely to have savings with the proposed system. They can also expect that computer units built within the company have basis blusht with the use of the propose system. Putting up good facilities can ease or minimize stress experience by the staff and work students. Chapter IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Inventory control system A process for keeping track of objects or materials. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the software components. Modern inventory control systems rely upon barcodes, and potentially RFID tags, to provide automatic identification of inventory objects. In an academic study performed at Wal-Mart, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0. 1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset merchandise, consumables, fixed assets, go tools, library books, or capital equipment.To record an inventory transaction, the system uses a barcode scanner or RFID reader to automatically identify the inventory object, and therefore collects additional information from the operators via fixed terminals (workstations), or mobile computers. applications An inventory control system may be used to automate a sales order fulfilment process. Such a system contains a list of order to be filled, and then prompts workers to pick the necessary items, and provides them with packaging and cargo ships information. Inventory system also manages in and outwards material of hardware.Real-time inventory control systems use wireless, mobile terminals to record inventory transactions at the moment they occur. A wireless LAN transmits the transaction information to a central database. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Inventory_control_system Golden Inventory System Golden Inventory System is an advanced inventory software designed for wholesale and manufacture businesses. This system has several advantages, including the Return Merchandise Authorization function, hierarchical conventions for products, import and merchandise functions for livelyBooks 2010, PDF and XML files, multi- urrencies and expiration dates features. This inventory software has the flexible security function. You can designate access rights for each your employee. Golden Inventory system works with MS SQL Server and MS Access database files. Now, our system calculates item bes using FIFO and Average methods. Youll be able to create orders and invoices very fast and send them via email to your customers. This is very flexible software with a lot of options. This inventory software can handle more than 100000 items. You can install free MS SQL Server Express Edition on your waiter andGolden Inventory software on your computers and youll obtain a very respectable network inventory syst em for any size business. www. executivpro. com/ Just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory system that strives to improve a businesss return on investment by reduction in-process inventory and associated carrying cost. Just In Time production method is also called the Toyota Production System. To meet JIT objectives, the process relies on signals or Kanban, between antithetic points in the process, which tell production when to make the next part.Kanban are usually tickets but can be simple visual signals, such as the presence or absence of a part on a shelf. Implemented correctly, JIT can improve a manufacturing organizations return on investment, quality, and efficiency. Quick notice that stock depletion requires personnel to order new stock is critical to the inventory reduction at the center of JIT. This saves warehouse space and cost. However, the complete mechanism for making this work is often misunderstood. (en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Just-in-time_(business) Inventory ValuationDet ermination of inventory cost is the major aspect of financial reporting. Whether the periodic or the perpetual system is used, it is necessary to use a specific method for the denomination of costs to the ending inventory as well as to the cost of goods sold. denomination of costs can be complex because goods are usually purchased at different costs during the history period. Thus, there must be a consistent procedure in assigning costs which is called the cost-flow assumption (Eisen, 2007). there are three cost-flow assumptions that can be used First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Method.This is based on the assumption that the first units brought are the first units sold. The oldest cost delegate to the inventory is the cost assigned to the goods first sold. Consequently, the most recent cost is assigned to the ending inventory. Although business organizations are free to choose among a weigh of inventory methods, many adopt FIFO simply because there is a tendency to dispose of goods in the order of their acquisition (Eisen, 2007). This method, though not as accurate as specifically identifying the item being sold, would go out a close approximation of value.Last-In, Last-Out (last in first out) Method. This method assumes that the most recent cost of goods acquired should be charged at the most recent sales made. Thus, the assignment of the cost to the ending inventory represents the cost of all earlier purchases, without regard to the order in which the goods are real sold, since it is assumed that the goods are all the akin and readily interchangeable(Eisen, 2007). Weighted Average Cost Method. This method yields a cost that is representative of the cost of the product over the entire accounting period. The weighted verage cost of a unit of inventory is determined and all units are assigned this cost. The average cost is weighted by the number of units purchased at each cost (Carroll, 2006 Eisen further notes that in accounting periods where costs remain r elatively constant, the FIFO method is probably the most appropriate. If it is weighty that replacement costsrelate as closely as possible to the cost of the goods sold, the LIFO method is better. The weighted average method is a third option, even though it does not necessarily bring about the matching of costs and revenue. Its simplicity may have a ost-saving effect. Summary Every business big or small, is in need of inventory system for keeping tracks of records and specifically storing essential data in which could be reviewed and monitored by the manager. in that location are many ways and approaches to the inventory strategy. Inventory system is the nucleus of the business. The main advantage of the system that I will be handout to develop is it will provide a computer generated output of the inventory a whole lot faster and accurate. Chapter III METHODOLOGY OF THE view Figure 3. 0 Modified Iterative Waterfall Model ( www. nfolab. stanford. edu) In the development of the system, the researchers followed the contours of a Waterfall Method with the combination of an Iterative Model. The model is illustrated in figure 3. System Analysis The first phase that the researchers constrict is the system analysis which includes initial investigation and data take oning to prove the viability of the system. An interview (which is an interactive tool) with the management and employees of the organization was also conducted and at the same time the group observed how their transactions work.It is also in this phase where the group observed and interacted with the users to further understand what information users need to perform their jobs. It is in this phase wherein other forms of interactive tools were used such as observation of the users involved and the organizations environment. Requirement Definition In the requirement definition phase includes the definition of problems, objectives and estimation of scopes and limitations after the self-possessed dat a was summarized. During this phase wherein the researchers identified the information requirements for particular users involved.As an output the group had a deeper understanding of how the business function and have the complete information of the people, goals, data, and procedures involved. Interactive tools are used to accomplish tasks in this phase, observation and interviewing the people involved. System Design System analysis leads to design decision, which exactly determines how the system operates in terms of process, data, hardware, network infrastructures, user Interface and other important factors in the system environment. System DevelopmentIn this stage where the coding phases will start. Application software will be used in the development of the system. It is in this phase includes the programming of the system such as coding and program testing and to add more to that this phase also comprises the development or implementation of the system design. Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 is used as the development tool for the front end and MySQL Server 5. 0 as the back end. Photoshop and Corel Draw serve as an enhancement tool for the GUI and with the Corel Draw it.In this phase a constant interaction with the users is done to gather comments/feedbacks, validation and suggestions of the system design and layouts. Testing and Maintenance The testing and maintenance stage includes the preliminary implementation of the system together with the users and programmers using exemplar data or accurate data of the current system. A serial publication of test is undergone to pinpoint neglected or unseen problems of the system earlier it will be handed down to the organization for operational implementation. The system documentation begins in this phase.The system manual or documentation includes all the necessary information that will guide the users about the systems functionality. System instruction execution This is probably the most resource, cost and time -consuming phase of all. This is when the system is in truth built, tested, and finally installed. It also includes activities such as user training and system maintenance. Some experts like to separate them into different phases Deploymentand Maintenance. However the four phases are the most commonly known and accepted steps. Gantt ChartPHASE Activities Mar Apr May Jun July ExpectedOutput formulation Understanding why the system should be built Give the exceed solution and easy access to the system Requirements Adjustment and changes from the users to the system being developed Well Developed System Design Architecture design of the System Should be user friendly Implementation The system is actually built Ensured and well runned system Test The System Is Being tried Completely functioning Maintenance Undergo Some Changes System represent Successfully References Internet Sources (http//www. twente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Commun ication%20Processes/System_Theory. doc/ (http//www. whitman. edu/mathematics/SeniorProjectArchive/2006/zapponj2. pdf (http//www. inventorymanagement. com/2007/07/inventory-management-definition. html (http//www. answers. com/topic/computer-security) (http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/user. html) http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Inventory_control_system http//www. executivpro. com/ (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Just-in-time_(business) ( www. infolab. stanford. edu What Is an Inventory System? eHow. comhttp//www. ehow. com/facts_5518826_inventory-system. tmlixzz21dQmNn9Z What Is an Inventory System? eHow. comhttp//www. ehow. com/facts_5518826_inventory-system. htmlixzz21dR2Cuo 8 http//www. studymode. com/essays/Inventory-System-634220. html? topic http//sample-thesis. blogspot. com/2009/09/enhancement-of-pharmact-inventory. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Systems_theory Context Diagram of the Current System Staff/ gain Student Book custodian Manual Inventory System Reco rd Record Counts items stop info Printed Inventory record VPFEData current Diagram Level 0 of the Current System Staff/Work Student Record Counts Item 2. 0 numbering and Classifying Of Items 1. 0 Record Item entropy Record Item info 3. 0 Determines Price List VPFE D1 Item_Journal Printed Record record Item Info 5. 0 Print Inventory Record 4. 0 Encode Items in Excel Book Keeper Record Item List Recorded In Excel Item Info Context Diagram of the Proposed System D1Item_DBMS Item Info SSE Computerized Inventory System Book Keeper Staff/Work StudentUsername Inventory Password Records Printed Inventory Records VPFE Data Flow Diagram Level 0 of the Proposed System 1. 0 Encode Item Info 2. 0 Calculate all Item Prices Staff/Work Student Username Item List Password Item Info calculate Price List Price List D1 Item_DBMS Book Keeper Inventory 4. 0 Print Inventory Records 3. 0 scar Inventory Records VPFE Printed Check Inventory Inventory RecordsRecords

Orientalism as a lens to A Passage in India Essay

easternism is eviscerated by Edward state as an integral concomitantor of European civilization and culture. Orientalism has been a part of the culture globally. The reason of Orientalism had utilize triple types of definition in his essay. Academically, tell had de amercementd Orientalism is as a label. Anyone who studies and captureks information about the Orient bunghole be considered an Orientalist. He had in like manner defined Orientalism as the study of the Orient. However, it can excessively be considered as an ideology based on ontological and epistemological battle among the Occident and the Orient like what the power did to the departure to India.As state in the text, the comparison of both worlds whither the in realm natives and the Europeans is clearly seen and differentiated. In the text, the author of the line of achievement to India said that Chandrapore was never large or resplendent, but both ascorbic acid years ago it lay on the road mingled w ith Upper India, then Imperial and the sea, and the fine houses sustain across from that period. This passage shows that the author viewed the charge as beautiful during the colonization period. Politically, it is a known fact that the Occident or the Western part of the globe (Europe) had dominated the Orient.This family gives a presence of power domination of the Occident against the Orient. Therefore as Said explains in his introduction, Orientalism is believed to be more of a sign of European Atlantic power over the orient. Furthermore Orientalism shows the superiority of the Westerners as a race, as described by Denys Hay. In the characterization to India, there had been a verbal description regarding the democracy of the people who bangs in Chandrapore. The zest for decoration stop in the eighteenth century, nor was it ever democratic.This solitary(prenominal) shows that the decorations and the like are placed by the colonizer. The view of the author in A Passage to India only shows that the author sees the natives as nomads. Socially, the aspect of Orientalism is also studied by Said as an exchange between individual authors and the large political concerns from the three races who had colonized the Orient, namely British, French and Americans. The author describes the watch password Orientalism as a word that had been used by the atomic number 74. Orientalism is seen as a system of reference from authors.The cultural role played by the Orient in the west had connected the word to the ideology, politics, the logic of power and relevance. The essay A Passage to India illustrates the difference of eras from the colonization period and the present times. This is shown in the comparable passage shown above Chandrapore was never large nor beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the roadand the fine houses date from that period.The zest for decoration stopped, nor was it ever democratic. From this passage, the author shows that in the e ighteenth century, fine houses and decorations are mandated by the colonizers during that time. It had described the times before as the sublime years and as such prosperous and a very utile city. However, the author believes that through time, there are several changes that had made the city that way in the present. As such the author describes the place as invigorationless and unholy, this is so because there was a note in the passage in the first paragraph that Ganges is not holy here. The river Ganges is considered as a holy place in India.through and through that statement it shows that the author perceives the city of Chandrapore as an unholy place. Furthermore, it can also be understood from the writing style of the author that the only beautiful sight that can behold in a distance are the houses of the Europeans. This can be further verified in the passage Inland, first moment alters. There is an oval maidan and ahospital, houses belonging to Eurasians stand on the el evated ground The passage only shows that because the houses are built in high school ground it is obvious that the author describes this places as high society.It also describe that the Europeans are the ones who are benefiting from the land of India. This is so because in the passage create verbally next to the description of the European Houses is the comparison of Chandrapore. It can be seen in this passage second rise is laid out in the genteel Station and viewed hence Chandrapre appears to be a totally different placeIt is no city but a forest sparsely disoriented with huts. This only show that the foreigners live in concrete houses in the city, objet dart the original inhabitants of India live in mud huts in the forest.The Introduction of Orientalism written by Said and A Passage to India can be cerebrate in destinations of the British Colonization. Edward Said describes the superiority of the Westerners against Oriental Culture. It is manifest that the British had colonized India in a very long time. The term Orientalism shows the superiority of the Western Race against India. On the some other hand, the essay A Passage to India shows the superiority of the westerners in terms of the beautiful houses and distinctive buildings seen from the European Communities as compared to those of who lived in India.It is evident in both essays that they are present the inferiority of the people in the Orient and at the same time the people in the Orient are not doing anything to argue the point. found on the different descriptions of the places and knowledge that both authors share, it can be seen that they see the Orient as a very prosperous place that is rich in culture. Both authors think that the Westerners had exploited this riches to their benefit. Political issues can be seen in the description of both authors in the text.In the Orientalism essay, Edward Said thinks that Orientalism represents the opposite of the Occident. If the Occident is ve ry advanced, that is how Orientalism is backward in its ideologies and technology. On the other hand, in A passage to India, it can be seen in the description of the text. The place where Eurasians lived were described as a city with complete comforts such as the hospital and houses. However, on the other side of the land is Chandrapore, which the author describes as a city of gardens.This could mean that the author sees that the Eurasians live in houses while the Indians live in the forest. As a conclusion, both authors are partly right in their claim that Orientalism had been a word used by the Westerners to show their superiority over the Orient as stated by Said in Orientalism. This domination is also seen in the essay A Passage to India. As mentioned in the essay A Passage to India, Europeans had created an environment that is prosperous compared to where the Indians reside.However, it must be noted that the Oriental people had been the ones who had let the colonization happen ed. The thinking of the Orients and the Westerners are different in terms of colonization. Orientalism can be a very strong word and as the author said this is an ideology of the Orient and as such, the word must not be used as a federal agency of who is superior over the other. A Passage to India had shown the different ways of life before and also the different lifestyles that the colonizers and original inhabitants of the place.The essay of the A Passage to India can be patterned after the Orientalism of Said in a different way, Orientalism showed the difference of both worlds through culture, A Passage to India showed the difference through the lifestyles. As such, one can conclude that the Orient had let the domination of the Westerners happen. In other words it can also be described that the Orients had welcomed the invasion of the Westerners because they had given additional knowledge, culture and beliefs to the Orients.In determine to assess the professedly meaning of the word Orientalism and to further see the true image of the Orient, one must consider the cultural aspects before the Westerners had come to the Orient. The knowledge, political and social systems of the Orient can only be seen from the eyeball of the people who live there. When the Westerners came, the Orient had been influenced in their political systems and social status. This in turn has given the authors of both essays the idea that the Westerners show their superiority through the illustration different cultures and ways of life by the Westerners.

Example

lawsuit Essay What do you like to do for fun in your costless time? Well in the next couple paragraphs I leave behind be piece of music about what I do for fun in my unfinished time, why, and giving examples. The first thing I depart be writing about is what I like to do in my economize time. Well what I like to do for fun in my throw overboard time is going riding. What I mean by that is riding mark bikes, ATVs, driving trucks off-road, and riding other off-road vehicles. The second thing I will be writing about is why I like to ride. there are many authors why, but I will be writing about the important ones. The first reason why is because I sleep with it.For example its kind of how Michael Phelps is to swimming. He swims because he enjoys swimming. The second reason I like to ride is because it gives me an adrenaline rush. For example retrieve macrocosm in a motorcycle race, and your pushing yourself to go faster, and take everything right. accordingly you get that feeling of adrenaline rush. The third reason why I enjoy riding is because when you go off-roading you get a chance to go off in your own world, and explore. The fourth reason why I like to go riding is because you get to go out and file up things like the ground for instance.The fifth reason why I like to go riding is because you get to go places you couldnt imagine just walking to. For example if you are trying to go to a friends, and the fastest way to get there is through the woods, and over a bunch of high hills, and a lot of trails to take. Instead of walking you advise ride, get up those hills, not wearing yourself out, and enjoy yourself on the way. The ordinal reason why I like riding is because its a time you can hang out with your friends in your own world, and scrap yourself, and your friends. Well thats what I do for fun in my spare time. I hope you enjoy doing what you do for fun as such(prenominal) as I do.

History of Indian Airlines

Brief History of Indian nervous strainlines Indias chiefly house servant state-owned carrier, Indian notelines Ltd. , flies passengers and cargo to 59 house servant and 16 planetary destinations. Its fleet numbered 52 aircraft in 2000. Indian Airlines has traditionally ground its ne iirk around the four main hubs of Delhi, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Calcutta, and Chennai (formerly Madras). The airline carries about(predicate) sise one thousand cardinal passengers a year and has a substantial commitment operation. Origins The Air cans Act of 1953 amalgamated Indias dozen or so airlines, close to of them undercapitalized, into ii nationalized air carriers Air-India Ltd. given responsibility for international routes, and Indian Airlines raft (IAC), the home(prenominal) airline. The eight airlines that were amalgamated into IAC included Air Services of India Ltd. , Airways (India) Ltd. , Bharat Airways Ltd. , Deccan Airways Ltd. (already 70 share government activity-owned ), Himalayan Aviation Ltd. , Indian National Airways Ltd. , Kalinga Airlines, Ltd. , plus the interior(prenominal) trading operations of Air-India Ltd. IAC began operations with a fleet of 74 of the war senseless Douglas DC-3s that had founded its ephemeral predecessors. The airline excessively had three times as many another(prenominal) employees as it needed, writes R.E. G. Davies, a situation that was slow to change due to the governments refusal to kick layoffs. Davies also writes that the standard of maintenance was low and the airline suffered many accidents in its earliest long time. IAC before long moved to bolster its fleet by ordination a few crude de Havilland 114 Herons, retired after only a coupling of years of emolument, and Vickers Viscount 768s, which were assigned to trunk routes. The DC-3s continued to supply feeder dealing they soon began to be phased out by Fokker F-27s and Avro 748s. IAC began flying short-haul jetsFrench-made Caravellesin the mid- 1960s.The Caravelles were so public that IAC soon needed larger jets to on the routes between Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras (Chennai) that organize the Indias domestic trunk network. IACs first Boeing 737s entered inspection and repair in 1971. Between 1962 and 1972, IAC was cal conduct upon to jut the soldiers in several campaigns, first in skirmishes with China, and later with the wars with Pakistan that in the end led to the creation of Bangladesh. Confidence and Crisis in the seventies and 1980s IAC proclaimed a Rs45 million loss for 1972. The next year, the company had several incidents of aircraft distress or loss. get unrest, high fuel costs, political burdens, and built-in inefficiencies added to the companys problems. However, these were met with such purpose that IAC had the trustingness to order its first wide-body jets, Airbus A300s, in 1975. A class to explicate ground support equipment in Indian factories was part of the deal. In 1976, new r outes stretched across political divisions to Kabul, Afghanistan, in the northwest, and the Maldive Islands in the south. The government allowed the brass of a few new limited service airlines in the 1970s Air Works India, Huns Air, and Goldensun Aviation.None of them had long life spans. Around 1979, IAC dropped the word fellowship from its name. Another national airline, Vayudoot, was formed in 1981 and tasked with carrying feeder traffic from Indias small communities. Indian Airlines managing director, Gerry Pais, was Vayudoots part-time chairman. Vayudoot was serving more than 100 destinations within India by 1990. The government also set up a helicopter bay window to serve off-shore oil fields. BritainsFinancial Timesdescribed Indian Airlines as the worlds third largest domestic carrier in the mid-1980s.With business growing at better than ten percent a year, it was increasing its capacity. Indian Airlines uniform a dozen of the new Boeing 757s in August 1984. After Rajiv Gandhi, a former Indian Airlines pilot, became prime minister, this order was changed to Airbus A320s due to what were perceived as political reasons. However, the crash of an Indian Airlines A320 in Bangalore on February 14, 1990the types second study(ip) crash globally in a two-year period sorely tested managements faith in the plane, which featured new fly-by-wire flight controls and electronic cockpit instrumentation.As part of a plan to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India, the states international carrier, two leading young industrialists were appointed to chair the boards of the two companies in crepuscle 1986. Neither these plans nor the new chairmen lasted very long. In 1987, Indian Airlines carried 10 million passengers and earned a profit of Rs630 million ($48 million). However, the quality of its service was facing criticism, to be heightened by the coming entry of new carriers into the market. Indias chiefly domestic state-owned carrier, Indian Airlines Ltd. flies pa ssengers and cargo to 59 domestic and 16 international destinations. Its fleet numbered 52 aircraft in 2000. Indian Airlines has traditionally based its network around the four main hubs of Delhi, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Calcutta, and Chennai (formerly Madras). The airline carries about six million passengers a year and has a substantial freight operation. Origins The Air Corporations Act of 1953 amalgamated Indias dozen or so airlines, most of them undercapitalized, into two nationalized air carriers Air-India Ltd. given responsibility for international routes, and Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC), the domestic airline. The eight airlines that were amalgamated into IAC included Air Services of India Ltd. , Airways (India) Ltd. , Bharat Airways Ltd. , Deccan Airways Ltd. (already 70 percent government-owned), Himalayan Aviation Ltd. , Indian National Airways Ltd. , Kalinga Airlines, Ltd. , plus the domestic operations of Air-India Ltd. IAC began operations with a fleet of 74 of t he war surplus Douglas DC-3s that had founded its short-lived predecessors.The airline also had three times as many employees as it needed, writes R. E. G. Davies, a situation that was slow to change due to the governments refusal to allow layoffs. Davies also writes that the standard of maintenance was low and the airline suffered many accidents in its early years. IAC soon moved to bolster its fleet by ordering a few new de Havilland 114 Herons, retired after only a couple of years of service, and Vickers Viscount 768s, which were assigned to trunk routes. The DC-3s continued to supply feeder traffic they soon began to be phased out by Fokker F-27s and Avro 748s.IAC began flying short-haul jetsFrench-made Caravellesin the mid-1960s. The Caravelles were so popular that IAC soon needed larger jets to on the routes between Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras (Chennai) that formed the Indias domestic trunk network. IACs first Boeing 737s entered service in 1971. Between 1962 and 1972, IAC was called upon to support the military in several campaigns, first in skirmishes with China, and later with the wars with Pakistan that ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh. Confidence and Crisis in the 1970s and 1980sIAC announced a Rs45 million loss for 1972. The next year, the company had several incidents of aircraft damage or loss. Labor unrest, high fuel costs, political burdens, and built-in inefficiencies added to the companys problems. However, these were met with such resolve that IAC had the confidence to order its first wide-body jets, Airbus A300s, in 1975. A program to produce ground support equipment in Indian factories was part of the deal. In 1976, new routes stretched across political divisions to Kabul, Afghanistan, in the northwest, and the Maldive Islands in the south.The government allowed the formation of a few new limited service airlines in the 1970s Air Works India, Huns Air, and Goldensun Aviation. None of them had long life spans. A round 1979, IAC dropped the word Corporation from its name. Another national airline, Vayudoot, was formed in 1981 and tasked with carrying feeder traffic from Indias little communities. Indian Airlines managing director, Gerry Pais, was Vayudoots part-time chairman. Vayudoot was serving more than 100 destinations within India by 1990.The government also set up a helicopter community to serve off-shore oil fields. BritainsFinancial Timesdescribed Indian Airlines as the worlds third largest domestic carrier in the mid-1980s. With business growing at better than ten percent a year, it was increasing its capacity. Indian Airlines arranged a dozen of the new Boeing 757s in August 1984. After Rajiv Gandhi, a former Indian Airlines pilot, became prime minister, this order was changed to Airbus A320s due to what were perceived as political reasons.However, the crash of an Indian Airlines A320 in Bangalore on February 14, 1990the types second major crash globally in a two-year periodsore ly tested managements faith in the plane, which featured new fly-by-wire flight controls and electronic cockpit instrumentation. As part of a plan to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India, the states international carrier, two leading young industrialists were appointed to chair the boards of the two companies in autumn 1986. Neither these plans nor the new chairmen lasted very long.In 1987, Indian Airlines carried 10 million passengers and earned a profit of Rs630 million ($48 million). However, the quality of its service was facing criticism, to be heightened by the coming entry of new carriers into the market. Chronology * discern Dates * 1953Indian Airlines is formed as Indias domestic airline. * 1965Short-haul Caravelle jets enter the fleet. * 1972IAC records a idealistic loss. * 1975The company orders its first widebody jets. * 1992Indias domestic air market is deregulated. * 1998Plans to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India are drawn up but not approved. 2001The Indian gover nment solicits bidders for partial ownership of Indian Airlines. Additional Details * State-Owned Company * merged1953 as Indian Airlines Corporation * Employees22,500 * SalesRs 3,755 crore ($1 billion) (2001) * NAIC481111 Scheduled rider Air Transportation 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation 481211 Nonscheduled chartered Passenger Air Transportation 481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportationhttp//www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/65/Indian-Airlines-Ltd. htmlixzz2DAhNxQo5

New Jersey Institute of Technology Essay

In this 21st nose candy world, the intellectual society plays an cardinal role for communicating and sharing the information. The power of society helps us to assimilate data which acts as a bridge to our success and advancement in this world. The generosity of teachers, classmates and friends gave me an insight of NJIT. My passion to pursue my dreams forced me to follow out for the NJIT. constantly since my childhood years, my interest in com honker systems and business both had put me in a dilemma. With the help of my research, I came forward to NJIT which offers degree in computing and business.My passion would be illuminated with the admission in NJIT. The cunning learning environment at NJIT is a perfect place which screw give me the most comprehensive learning catch possible. The diversified mode will help me communicate and indulge in activities of different assimilation and ethnicity and travel around the globe with ease and knowledge of different countries. advent from a middle class family it is very essential for the transportation to be less expensive and comfortable. It is another key point which brought me here to apply for the NJIT.The teachings of the brilliant professors of the NJIT and the advanced technology will provide me a enceinte learning experience and expand my intelligence and ideas about this 21st century world. Admission to the NJIT will be one step further towards the passage of my dream. The future is controlled by the step taken by an individual in the present. The information provided to me by the teachers, friends, internet and adding me to the list of the students of NJIT will enrich my experience that will help me to grow into well rounded and a prospered person.

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf is a play found on conjuring tricks. apiece character lives their life behind some sort of illusion whether its based on their past, their marriage or their full-length life. Each illusion presents a view into their per passwordal lives and either connects or tears apart relationships in each characters life. Georges life is surrounded by illusions. He never was suitable to succeed in anything he attempts and Martha finds joy in attacking him emotionally for this.He first wrote a novel which Marthas father refused to publish. The storyline is first brought up through him telling scratch a story from his adolescence. Its the story of his paladin who kills both of his parents and ends up institutionalized. When its brought up in Act 1 by Martha, she presents it by saying Well, Georgie boy had lots of vainglorious ambitions In evoke of something funny in his past Which Georgie boy here turned into a novel His first attempt and his las t (149) This induces the reader question if by chance his friend was actually him.Regardless of who it was about, George is angry that Martha brought up his novel because it shows a failing about him. The novel was one of his ways of escaping reality and even that was redact down. He had hopes of his novel become a success and instead he has to live with Martha who insists on telling everyone that he is a great big fat FLOP (93) The biggest illusion in Georges own life is the arcanum behind whether the tragic novel he wrote was an autobiographical story or just a piece of fiction.When Nick and dearest are introduced they come out young, vibrant and happy. Once Honey leaves the scene in Act 2 Nick tells George about an illusion that actually brought Nick to marry Honey. Nick tells George that he married Honey because she was pregnant and George questions him since he said early that he had no children. Nick tells him, She wasnt really. It was a hysterical pregnancy. She ble w up, and then she went down. (104) Honey faked a pregnancy to make Nick marry her so their alone relationship is based on an illusion.He later reveals that Honeys family had a good substance of money and that is good enough reason to stay with her. Throughout the whole play Nick is shushing and talking over Honey. He is embarrassed of her simple-mindedness only if deals with her because he is stuck with her.. George and Marthas son was a lie. George pushes her to talk about him and she glorifies him. Once she is through with(p) George shoots her down and kills him off using the same storyline as his novel. This shows the fiction and illusion behind their son.She is so heartbroken after there illusion is exposed that she doesnt know how to live without pretending she has a son. The illusion of their son gave them something to relate through. George was sick of pretending and realized that it was time to face the trueness and begin actually living life without illusions. QUOTES I snt tomorrow suppositious to be his birthday or something? 76 The one thing 241Whose acrophobic of Virginia Woolf? I am257 Why do people live behind illusions? Does it make life easier or in the end does it make it hurt more than? Who is Virginia Woolf?

Evaluate The Organization’s Involvement To The Community

St. Jude Childrens seek infirmary was established on February 4, 1962. It was founded by an entertainer Danny Thomas. Danny was revolutionized how children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases ar treated around the world. The companys core values, their vision and their rush explain the kindly responsibilities and factor that influence local and a content community. The mission of St.Jude Childrens query hospital consists of enriching the life of children by cast away means of prevention, for the cure of pediatric catastrophic diseases. Using a extensive amount of look into and interposition has cause a recent enlargement in St Judes hospitals to expand its services nation wide. This modern treatment provides an opportunity for these children to live a meaningful life all tour being treated. St. Jude Childrens interrogation Hospital started as leader in research for munity-based alternative to institutional c ar.The need for alternative medicine and pressuris e technological treatment of children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases was a look out factor that caused the organization to grow to what is known today. Summarize what factors take away influenced the social responsibility strategies of the organization. The financial factor has a major influence in the strategies and social responsibility of the company. These funds are the fuel that keeps St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital striving for success.These funds not only pay employees un slight help families with medical cost and support. The factors that have caused St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital become a successful nonprofit organization can be seen in many other nonprofit companies. These companies strive to reach tabu to the community that has the most need, like children with Developmental disabilities, cancer and other catastrophic diseases. Does this organization have social opening? If so what is it?The social initiative is to provide patients with except ional medical care, it all started from St. Jude core values are to be true to their beliefs respectful, honest, transparent and fair. St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital is determine to offer a broad combination of services based on the principle of full participation in community by forward-moving the treatment awareness and prevention of catastrophic diseases in childrens. Jude Childrens Research Hospital receive federal and state grants, bribes, foundation funding.These funds are use to conduct research for Biomedical Engineering, Cytogenetic and Protein Production. All of this research is essential in the prevention and treatment of disease like cancer (2013). What are moral effects of the organization? The protocols that St Jude has created helped rates for childhood cancers from less than 20 portion when the hospital opened in 1962 to 80 percent today Research. (2012, 0507 02). The responsibilities of St.Jude Childrens Research Hospital are to the children with catastroph ic diseases, their families, and to the donors that have committed their personal resources toward the mission. A major factor of St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital determination for success is the fact that theyre a Catholic religious hospital. Being able to generate Substantial amount donation has its moral debate. In the recent data collected science has proved the positive effect of tooth root cell research. Do to the catholic regard of the organization St. Jude will not fund research for cancer that has stem cells.

Article Summary Essay

In the article Understanding American Worldview, the source J. LaVelle Ingram explains the cross cultural differences between Americans and immigrants. It also informs immigrants the atypical worldview of the American realm they atomic number 18 adopting. Hence, these set of worldviews be categorized in five dimensions.In America, the first determine dimensions of worldview is that time focuses on the future instead of the past. financial support for-the-moment and living fit to the past are both perceived as inappropriate by American standards. Americans exit in the future and meet it crucial save money for their retirement or for their childrens education. On the opposite hand, approximately immigrants are much present oriented so they will spend money on only the most requirement things they need at that moment.The concept that humans should be able to surmount nature is an early(a) aspect of the worldview. This worldview suggests that we should be able to defeat c omplaints at all costs, thus American families will take any surgical procedures necessary in order to cure their family member from a disease. Howalways, some immigrants view this idea much more differently. They will consider the disease a reflection of some imbalance in living so changing their way of life would be more effective or that much(prenominal) disease is part of their destiny. We Americans would have trouble understanding such decisions.In the American perspective, the third identified dimension of worldview is that human nature is said to be good or mixed. The author declares that personal immunity is core value as it suggests that the society as a whole will function if you count on the individuals to live up to their surpass selves. The hardly a(prenominal)er constraints enforced on people the better. Some cultures, on the other had view human nature as pessimistic and selfish thus, it is considered bad. In this case, in order for people to stay on the right linethey need to be monitored closely to avoid negative impulses.Another identified dimension from Ingrams article refers to the individuals wishes, needs and aspirations beingness more important regardless of their conventions or family and if needed, it is appropriate for an individual to go forward away to become independent. In America, since the social relations sense is individuality, college students are able to decide on their own majors, young women have the independence to live in their own apartment, and young men who have projects are not obligated to give money to the family. However, in several other cultures such behaviors are considered disrespectful. A personal example would be ever since I was young, everyone in my family wanted me to pursue a career in the medical field.Once I started community college, I took a few courses pertaining Pharmacy Technology and Medical Assistant but I agnise these careers did not meet my interests. It was difficult telling my family what truly interested me and they were defeated for a while, but in the end they were supportive. In some cultures we may seem heartless or selfish for not following what our group or families instilled us, but we are simply taking care of ourselves according to the American worldview. The fifth identified dimension of worldview is that what one does or accomplishes, is more important than the way they conduct themselves.A persons job is highly important in determining ones congenator value in the society. Athletes and celebrities conduct themselves the way they want to because they are mystifying but nonetheless, they will be judged based on what they do alternatively than their character because of the values, ideas, and beliefs different culture hold. This article was very interesting and informative. I was able have a better grasp of the American worldview. Immigrants do not have to assimilate or reject American worldviews to live in America but instead a more effect ive solution is to recognize these cross cultural differences and consciously negotiate them.

The Role of Technology in the Development of the United States in the 20th Century

In the past hundred years, it is no question that the advancement and development of the linked States has grown exponenti altogethery. A great deal of this advancement has been due to the egress in engine room that makes life easier, to a greater extent than in force(p), and healthier. All of these things combined together, gowing in the twentieth century, has made the United States one of the largest universe of discourse powers and one of the nearly desirable places to live. There be some things, on the other hand, that technology has affected that re e actu exclusivelyyy hinders not further the United States, but the major major planet as a whole.Most of these line of works be environmental, which can be detrimental to the planet in the long run, despite the current sequels. Practices including deforestation and over-fishing contribute to this. However, this technology, when comp bed to the expert and the bad, has definitely left lowlife a positive mark behind it because of the obvious evidence that technology, such as automobiles, computers, and space exploration, nonplus greatly impacted the present day the States we are living in today. Today, in the twenty-first century of America, we are a thriving uncouth, large with technology.We live in a rules of order where an automobile is almost a necessary factor through daily life because without a railway car or public transportation, most individuals would not be able to rattling get to their job. The creation of the automobile has impacted the place we live so more than because the citizens of the United States can work in jobs in a much larger radius from their home, which turns out to be truly efficient for both the companies employing these people as well as the employee himself because he has more option for places to work, wholly because of the automobile.We also live in a society where computers are abundant, so much so that in almost all workplaces there are elements of comput ers and internet. Also, without these computers and learning systems, there would be no online courses or universities for students to take. Online courses micturate had a very positive impact on our country because students can get an education with the ease and the comfort of their own home, all while maintaining a very low price. This makes enrolling in a university more attractive to someone on the fenceof going to university, so in the galactic picture we have more Americans learning at some potpourri of institution making our nation smarter and more advanced than it has ever been. This is all due to the growth in the automobile industry and the computer and information systems industry growing in the 20th century. Without these industries growth, our lives today would be very different. Some industries growths, however, entrust lead a very different outcome in the long run. Paper companies are using methods to chop mass trees at a very large rate, in favor only of the c over industry.This is greatly hurting the planet because of the mass deforestation the paper companies are creating. These trees and forests are a necessity for daily life on earth and without the forests, our future as hu opuss on this earth will be a lot less thriving than the position we are in today. Another example is over-fishing in all bodies of water. Fish are a renewable resource , however, they need to time to upchuck and grow. Fisheries are capturing these sea creatures at such a rate that the fish are not able to fully recover from the over-fishing these companies have done.These two problems are very similar to each other and provides a common study with the negatives of our new technological growth. The 20th century led our nation to this problem because we have just gotten carried away when it comes to the use of natural, renewable resources. We just have to remember that moderation is key, because with moderation, the trees will be able to grow keep going and rec over from the deforestation and the fish will be able to reproduce at a greater rate. In closing, the pros of the technological growth of the 20th century greatly outweigh the cons.The cons are a much easier problem to fix because the nations companies that deal with renewable resources just have to take these resources in moderation, otherwise these necessities for life will not be around for much longer. New technology, like the automobile and computers, instead of diminishing our country, have brought arc and a new hope to our country, as well as the world because these industries are growing at an enormous rate because almost everyone in America as both a computer and a car.One of the biggest things that we have to look forward as a country is space go which began in the 20th century when America put a man in orbit and the first man on the moon. The technology that got America to the moon has greatly affected the space technology we have today. It has influenced the 21st centu ry buzz of putting a man on spoil as well as warp drives. These are both very exciting things America has to look forward to and we can do that all thanks to the 20th century technology.

Assess the View The Modern Family Is Child Centrded Essay

prise the view that the modern family has become more baberen centred. Some sociologists present that the modern family has become more children centred. This is mainly due to the changes in fairnesss restricting child labour and excluding children from paid work. This is because from about the 10th to the 13th century the opinion of puerility did not exist. According to Aries in the middle ages childhood as a separate age-stage was short. Children entered wider society on the aforesaid(prenominal) toll as adults.Even the laws we have today to protect children were not applicable, the law often made no distinction between children and adults and they sided the same punishment as adults. However Aries theory can be deemed as unreliable as he used evidence from paintings and diaries to regard childhood and family life in the past. Another reason some sociologist surround that the family has become more child centred is due to the introduction of compulsory educate for all children in 1880. This benefited mostly the poorer children as some upper variance children had already been receiving education.According to Aries some elements of the modern notion of childhood gradually began to emerge from the 13th century onwards. This is because school came to specialize in the education of children. However conflict sociologists such as Marxist argue that inequalities among children of different classes still exist even if all children go to school. The opportunities and risks they face still differ as many children remain unprotected and staidly cared for. The view that the modern family has become more children centred can be explained with declining family sizing and lower infant mortality rates.

Effectiveness of a Country’s Educational Provision Essay

IntroductionIn the last quarter of the twentieth century, an increasing consensus developed concerning the link amid economic prosperity and effectiveness of a countrys educational proviso. As globalization gathered pace dramatic every last(predicate)y in the 1980s and 199s, this link became more overt as the comparison and competitiveness in the midst of nations inevitably increases. At the heart of the argument for the link, is the need for an educational effectforce, with turn out which a countrys economy pull up stakes not keep pace.1In the World Conference on procreation For All, which assembled Jomtien, Thailand, it was recognized that the current provision of education seriously deficient and that it must be made relevant, qualitatively improve and made universally available to enable every person, child, and richly grown to meet the basic eruditeness needs. These needs comprise both subjective earning tools such as __________________1 David Middle Wood and Carlo Car dno, Managing Teacher Performance.and the learning content (such as knowledge, skills, set and attitudes) required by gentleman beings to be able to survive, to develop to their full capacities to live and work with dignity, to participate fully in development, to improve the quality of lives, to make informed decisions and to bear upon learning. 2Education is the vital key to national development. More important is the theatre of operations and development of human resources of instructors who are the frontiers of our educative pursuit.Ameri notify may continue to lead the word of attainment and technology precisely its record of educating its citizens in those subjects is fairly dark. An NSF panel has spent 128 months examining the state of knowledge, math,Engineering and Technology (SME) and at the undergraduate level and re stacking hundreds of comments from academic. The overwhelming consensus is that most of the SME courses acts as filters. They screen out all but the promising students- those embarking on __________________ careers, leaving majority of the graduates with litters catch of how science works. This worries the policy makers beca custom many disgruntled students frame teachers with circumstantial ebullience for the subject perpetuating a cycle of scientific and technological.4Ana Marie Pamintuan, in her column entitle Sketches, in the December 12, 2000 issue of the Philippines Start stated In a season of bad impertinents, there was peerless item I plunge special(prenominal)ly depressing. Filipino first year richly school students be 36th among 38 countries in the Third International Mathematics and erudition Studies (TIMSS). According to result, in the latest TIMSS, japan ran fifth in Mathematics and fourth in cognition.It can be expected that many race go away really blame the education schema for the Filipino students dismal performance. Although the schools along with the curriculum, teacher, supervisor, adminis trators and other elements that comprise the input comp wiznts of the school as a social system, should take part of the blame. 5__________________4 national perception Foundation, 1999).5 Aquino, G. Effective article of belief.EDCOM reports that teacher is poorly trained. Many teachers at all levels do not defy the optimum qualification for educational activity. The proportion of broad(prenominal) school teachers of science and mathematics, for example, do not have eventhe stripped-down preparation for the teaching be givens from 54.6 percent to 5 percent. IN the 1991 DOST test abandoned to both teachers and students in first year of the Second Education course of instruction (SEDP), the total mean percentage score (54.08) of the first year high school teachers was only 8.79 points higher than those of the students (42.29). This deplorable performance can be traced to poor teacher training and the low quality of students enrolled in the teacher training.6To further upgrad e the standard of science education in the Philippines, the plane section of science and Technology (DOST), University of the Philippines Science and Mathematics Education (UP-SMED) now National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (NISMED), the Department of Education (DepEd) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) have launched a joint send off, the purpose of which is to __________________6 (EDOM 1995).develop human resources which would ultimately enhance and upgrade the capabilities of science and mathematics teachers. The core program was the development of thinking skills through practical work and laboratory experiment.7These are challenging times for the countrys educational system Cooperative efforts at all levels of instruction are order towards common goal to improve the quality of education. Much more evident are such efforts aimed at reform in Science Education. wide-ranging approaches and techniques have been pioneered to make schoolroom filled with fruitful investigations to uncover new and useful informations. A great variety of instructional materials and facts intended for cursory classroom instruction have been assembled utilizing the indigenous resources of the community. Innovative procedures of presenting learning tasks have been tried to make every teaching-learning situation, encounter more exciting and hallenging.8 Of the 50 schools tested, ___________________it was revealed what students from 20 schools did not master the topic taught, 27 schools nearing mastery, and only 1 school reported mastery level.9The low performance of students in science also became the justification for the formulation and launching of the Science and Technology Education Plan (STEP) with go out chuck out (Rescue Initiative for Science Education) as one of its project under the manpower development component.One of the major problems cited in the Accomplishment Report prepared by STEP stated, every little was done about fol lowing up the trainees on in their use of their acquired skills.10The problem reported b the STEP, prompted the researcher, being one of the trainors of the program, fox rebellion, at the Regional Science and doctrine Center (RSTC-UEP) to assess the accomplishment of Project RISE, as to whether it achieved the goal and objectives set for the training of science teachers to ___________________ improve their teaching competencies and raise the performance levels of the students in superior general Science.Statement of the ProblemThis adopt allow try to assess the effectiveness of Project RISE in the Secondary Schools in the Division of Northern Samar, using the DOST-SET Monitoring and military rank Forms from its implantation in 1998.Specifically, this analyze will try to answer at the following questions. 1. What is the extent of accomplishment of Project RISE in foothold of1. Objective of the program2. Course content3. Participants profile4. Trainers profile2. What is the precondition of the mental processing variables such as the following1. Teachers1. Attitude towards teaching common Science2. Content knowledge and laboratory skills3. Classroom management4. fourth dimension management5. Teaching strategies6. Skills in the utilization of instructional material7. Skills maintaining classroom discussion8. Skills in motivating2. Administrators1. Administrative give3. Student1. Attitudes towards habitual Science3. What is the status of Project RISE on the following 1. Teaching competencies of the teacher-participants as observed and evaluated by the principal. 2. Teachers perception on how the training improved their competencies. 3. Students performance in popular Science/Theoretical FrameworkThe framework for the valuation of Project RISE in the Division of Northern Samar particularly in ecumenic Science, will make use of the system system propounded by Millilin. System theory engages a process of examining a school system or educational sys tem (for a program or project), not by stepwise approach where every element of the system stand independent of the others, but as an organic group of elements, as a system with fundamental interaction subsystems inside the school system (social, economic, cultural, political and technological), a system that contributes to association through its outputs the same society from which the school received its inputs, andlayer on as a system that receive feedbacks from the society as to the define value added through outputs.11Moreover, that the system theory gives a holistic view of advocating its internal efficiency as well as its external productiveness it calls for an interdisciplinary approach which mean that I considers how all the various system are interrelated, and it is a _________________self-connective approach because it considers and profits from feedbacks received from its environs.12 The appraisal process using the system theory is hinged on the input, throughput and output ideals.The input accepts the stage setting of verifiable objectives that become standards the throughputs refers to the actually performance of the organization that is being evaluated the outputs include the measuring of performance against standards such as the formal type of all-round(prenominal) review. A build in feedback mechanism pinpoint the flaws or errors in program execution of instrument. Then corrective actions for undesirable deviation from standards are formulated. The system of evaluation is cyclical in nature consistent of formulation, slaying, monitoring and feedback pointing to the unbroken assessment for program revision and improvement. Whichever is pinpointed as error implementation become the focus corrective decisions and actions and for program revisions.The advantage of the system evaluation conception lie in its ability to correct program errors at their soonest stages. Early direction and correction of ____________________12 Ibid.program im plementation errors diminish the possibilities of incurring financial losses and unnecessary waste of efforts by the personnel implementing the program.Therefore, assessing Project RISE, specially those having way on its accomplishments and innovations achieved by the teacher trainees in GeneralScience six year after qualification be a sound decision.This study is also supported by Bautistas theory on evaluation, which shed light to the program design, assesses the implementation in price of results of long effects. It is evaluation that provides timely and realistic feedback to the deepen agents, making the maximization of monetary manpower resources possible. Programs are not evaluated come across to maintain a status quo to stagnate subsequently. One type of evaluation is the ex-post evaluation or impact evaluation. This is undertaken to determine whether the program or project merits expansion or replication in other areas and ascertain what aspects can be modified to impr ove implementation in other area. This study is then called an impact evaluation because it with try to assess the _________________status of Project RISE teachers train on their overall performance as General Science Teachers. Carinos theory, also sustains that accountability is a central problem of the government.The activities of civil servants and frequent agencies must follow the will of the people to whom they are ultimately responsible. The public ness of their employment and goals therefore prescribe their look and circumscribe their choice. Therefore, all individuals and office continue to have a range of options as to how they would act. The evaluation of whether such action would be within the bounce of their authority is referent to the concepts of accountability.Accountability focuses on the following 1) regularity of fiscal transactions and the faithful compliance as well as tenderness to legal requirements and administrative policies 2) efficiency and economy in t he use of public funds, prosperity manpower and other resources 3) concerned with the results of government operation 4) human resources accounting and the __________________analogies of economics and social impacts of programs, and 5) emphasizesprocedures and methods operation and on the transformation of inputs to outputs.15This study is an assessment of a project, which derives its finances from government funds, therefore projects implementers and all those affect in it are accountable to the people and the society.Another theory to support other variables identified in this study, such as attitudes and values of teachers, is that one advocated by Thorndike. The connectionist theory or the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory. This view was based on the concept that bonds or connections are formed between situations and suppose. Thordike advocates the idea that learning results from translating palpate impressions and impulses to action learning occurs through change in con nection between particular stimulus and a response, hence, connections are the key to understanding a learning task. ___________________15 Carino, Ledevina, Administrative Accountability A Review of the Evolution, gist and Operationa-lization of a Key Concept in Public Administration).16 Gregorio, Hernan, Principles and Methods of Teaching.In the same manner, the personal attitudes and values of the teachers may have more to do with their teaching effectiveness because they could be the basis for their behavior, decisions and choice. This is so because values are deep-rooted motivations of behavior. They defined what is important to the individual.16 In this study, it may be stated that the attitudes and values of the General Science teachers will have bearing with their work as teachers. What they believe in and what they consider important will influence their decisions and choices.Conceptual FrameworkThe framework for the evaluation process has iii components inputs, throughpu ts and outputs. A built-in-feedback mechanism is the place toderived information for project revision or improvement. Following the evaluation process, the inputs of Project RISE in Region 8 in general and in the Division of Northern Samar in particular are the objective of the program, course content, participants, trainers, and training ___________________procedures. The actual performance in the implementation of Project RISE will be expresses in terms the throughout or processes.These consists of the teachers attitude towards teaching General Science, the General Science content knowledge and skills, classroom management, time management, appropriateness of teaching strategies, skills in the utilization of instructional materials, and skills in maintaining classroom discussions and skill in motivating. It will also include the teachers teaching competencies in teaching General Science as perceived by the principles, the teachers own perceptions on how the Project RISE training improved the competencies as observes by their principles and the students performance in General science as measured by a test in General Science.

Aristo Book 5 experiment answer Essay

HKDSE CHEMISTRY A Modern View (Chemistry) audition Workbook 5Suggested answersChapter 52 Importance of industrial processesChapter 53 Rate comp atomic number 18Experiment 53.1 Determining the prescribe equality of a reception victimization order of initial estimate (A microscale experiment) 1Chapter 54 Activation forceExperiment 54.1 Determining the activating force of a chemical re body process 3Chapter 55 Catalysis and industrial processesExperiment 55.1 Investigating the action of a gas6Experiment 55.2 Investigating kindred catalysis8Experiment 55.3Investigating ways to swap the roam of a response with a suitable catalyst 9Experiment 55.3 consume research laboratory report13Experiment 55.4Preparing ethanol by fermentation16Chapter 56 Industrial processesChapter 57 Green chemistry for industrial processesChapter 53Rate equationExperiment 53.1Determining the assess equation of a answer using method of initial rate (A microscale experiment)7. and 11.(a)Well number12 345678Number of drops of 0.5 M Na2S2O3(aq)109876543 quantify, t (s)14.215.817.820.423.828.635.747.6(s1)0.0700.0630.0560.0490.0420.0350.0280.02110. and 12.(a)Well number12345678Number of drops of 1.0 M H2SO4(aq)109876543 era, t (s)59.459.760.060.759.960.061.060.5(s1)0.0170.0170.0170.0160.0170.0170.0160.01711.(a)inversely(b)(c)112.(b)0(c)From the results in Table 53.2, the readings of conviction are close, indicating that the reception is of zeroth order with respect to H+(aq).13.Rate = kS2O32(aq)14.S2O32(aq) + 2H+(aq) S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)15.In this experiment, the time for the formation of a fixed, save small amount of insoluble sulphur precipitate is measured. The shorter the time, the quicker is the reaction. It is assumed that the extent of reaction is still small when the time is recorded, so that the time recorded gutter be used as a measurement of initial rate of the reaction. Chapter 54Activation EnergyExperiment 54.1Determining the activation energy of a chemical react ion5.Temperature of the reaction confection (C)1525354555 beat for the display of disconsolate spirited people of burnishing (s)679(at 11C)232(at 27C)112(at 37C)80(at 43C)33(at 56C)6.(a)rate never-ending activation energy Universal gas constant temperature(b) log ()2.832.372.051.901.523.523.333.233.163.04(c)(d)2750(e)slope = 2750 =Ea = 2750 2.3 8.314 J mol1= 52 586 J mol1= 52.6 kJ mol17.Arrhenius equation log k = log A8.straight line9.S2O82(aq) + 2I(aq) 2SO42(aq) + I2(aq)10.To monitor the formation of iodine from the reaction of S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions.11.When all S2O82(aq) ions have reacted, some(prenominal) iodine formed will maturate the starch upshot dark blue. The time for this colour change is a measure of the rate of reaction shown in question 9. (Note The reaction rate is inversely proportional to the time taken for the starch dissolving agent to numeral dark blue.)12.The amount of reactants used in each experiment may not be exactly the same.There ma y be an hallucination in measure or reading the temperatures from the thermometers.As the colour change of the stem mixture is not a sudden one, especially at low temperatures, there may be an error in put down the time of colour change.Chapter 55Catalysis and industrial processesExperiment 55.1Investigating the action of catalyst1.(b)No.5.(b) epoch (s)102030405060 script of O2(g) released (cm3), with the sum of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 306085959696Time (s)708090100 cx120 bulk of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 966.(b)Time (s)102030405060Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 1.5 g MnO2(s) 7090959696Time (s)708090100110120Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 1.5 g MnO2(s)8.9.Manganese(IV) oxideMnO2(s)10.2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)11.(a)The addition of manganese(IV) oxide greatly increases the rate of decomposition of heat content peroxide.(b)(i)The initial rate of reaction is higher.(ii)The total time of reaction is shorter. (Note cha nge magnitude the amount of catalyst would increase the reaction rate.)(c)No.12.Add more H2O2(aq) to the reaction mixture, quick effervescence shows that manganese(IV) oxide has not been used up in the reaction. The catalytic station of manganese(IV) oxide is still present. Experiment 55.2Investigating homogeneous catalysis5.Mixture y.It has a trace sweet tint like certain glues or nail rarify removers.6.ethyl ethanoate concentrated sulphuric acid7.CH3COOH(l) + CH3CH2OH(l) CH3COOCH2CH3(l) + H2O(l)8.Homogeneous catalyst. This is because all species are in the same phase in the reaction, i.e. the liquid phase.9. atomic number 11 carbonate solution reacts with any unreacted ethanoic acid left in the reaction mixture. The strong vinegar smell of ethanoic acid is thus removed. The salt atomic number 11 ethanoate formed has no smell. Besides, the ester is insoluble in water and floats on the water surface. This makes us easier to fall upon the smell of ester. Experiment 55.3Invest igating ways to change the rate of a reaction with a suitable catalyst1.frame-upSafety spectaclesProtective gloves cone-shaped flask (100 cm3)5 measurement cylinders (10 cm3)DropperStopwatchBoiling underpassWhite tileChemicals ammonium ion peroxodisulphate solution (0.020 M)Potassium iodide solution (0.50 M)Sodium thiosulphate solution (0.010 M)0.2% starch solutionIron(II) chloride solution (0.010 M)Distilled water2.What you will pass on constant(Controlled variable)What you will change(Independent variable)What you will measure(Dependent variable)volume of ammonium ion peroxodisulphate solutionvolume of cat valium iodide solutionvolume of sodium thiosulphate solutionamount of 0.2% starch solutionwith or without using iron(II) solutionthe time for the appearance of the dark blue colour3.Figure 14.(1)Using a quantity cylinder, add 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution to a conical flask. (2)Using different measuring cylinders, add 5 cm3 of potassium iodide solution, 5 c m3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1cm3 of iron(II) chloride solution and 2.5 cm3 of starch solution to a boiling vacuum tube. (3)Pour the content in the boiling tube into the conical flask. (4)Immediately start the stopwatch.(5)When a dark blue colour of the starch-iodine compound appears in the solution, stop the stopwatch. (6)Record the time for the appearance of the dark blue colour in Table 1. (7)Repeat steps (1) to (6), but replace iron(II) chloride solution with 1 cm3 of distilled water.5.Risk assessment form6.Time for the appearance of the dark blue colourWith Fe2+(aq) ions (as a catalyst) added59 sWithout any catalyst added3 mins and 52 sTable 17.The reaction involves the collision of two negatively charged ions, S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions, which very repel each other.8.S2O82(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) 2SO42(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq)9.Referring to the two equations in question 8, the S2O82(aq) ions oxidize the Fe2+(aq) ions to Fe3+(aq) ions. At th e same time, the S2O82(aq) ions are reduced to SO42(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions are strong oxidizing agents that oxidize I(aq) ions to I2(aq). At the same time, Fe3+(aq) ions are reduced back to Fe2+(aq) ions (i.e. the catalyst is reformd). two the equations shown in question 8 involve the collision mingled with domineering and negative ions. This will be much more likely to be successfulthan the collision between two negative ions in the uncatalysed reaction. Thus, the activation energy of this pathway will be lower and the reaction rate will also be higher.10.The chemical reaction can be speeded up by the addition of iron(II) ions, which act as a homogeneous catalyst of this reaction.11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specialised in action. OR A small amount of catalyst is ordinarily abundant for the catalytic action.12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. Sample laboratory reportTitle Investigating ways to cha nge the rate of a reaction with a suitable catalystObjectiveTo protrude and carry out an experiment to investigate ways to change the rate of a reaction by the use of a suitable catalyst.Apparatus and materialsSafety spectaclesProtective glovesConical flask (100 cm3)5 measuring cylinders (10 cm3)DropperStopwatchBoiling tubeWhite tileAmmonium peroxodisulphate solution (0.020 M)Potassium iodide solution (0.50 M)Sodium thiosulphate solution (0.010 M)0.2% starch solutionIron(II) chloride solution (0.010 M)Distilled waterChemical reactions involvedS2O82(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) 2SO42(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq)Procedure1.Using a measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution was added to a conical flask. 2.Using different measuring cylinders, 5 cm3 of potassium iodide solution, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1 cm3 of iron(II) chloride solution and 2.5 cm3 of starch solution were added to a boiling tube. 3.The contents in the boiling tube were poured into the conical flask. 4.The stopwatch was started immediately.5.When a dark blue colour of the starch-iodine complex appeared in the solution, the stopwatch was stopped. 6.The time for the appearance of the dark blue colour was recorded in Table 1. 7.Steps (1) to (6) were repeated, but iron(II) chloride solution was replaced with 1 cm3 of distilled water.ResultsTime for the appearance of the dark blue colourWith Fe2+(aq) ions (as a catalyst) added59 sWithout any catalyst added3 mins and 52 sTable 1After mixing all the chemicals in the conical flask, the reaction mixture with Fe2+(aq) ions will take a shorter time for the dark blue colour to appear.Analysis1. In the absence of Fe2+(aq) ions, the reaction between S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions is slow. As both reactant ions are negatively charged, they tend to repel each other. However, when Fe2+(aq) ions are added, thereaction becomes faster. Fe2+(aq) ions have the same phase (i.e. aqueous phase) as the reactants and product s, so they are homogeneous catalyst of this reaction. 2. Fe2+(aq) ions is a reducing agent which can reduce S2O82(aq) ions to SO42(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions formed act as an oxidizing agent, which oxidize I(aq) ions to I2(aq) ions and regenerate Fe2+(aq) ions again. Being a catalyst, Fe2+(aq) ions are not consumed in the catalytic process. handling1.Either Fe2+(aq) ions are Fe3+(aq) ions is a good choice of catalyst for this reaction because the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ facilitates the reaction between S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions to occur. 2.The catalytic property of Fe2+(aq) ions may be due to the fact that it is easier for the negatively charged S2O82(aq) ions to come on the positively charged Fe2+(aq) ions. The same is true when the positively charged Fe3+(aq) ions formed can approach the negatively charged I(aq) ions easier. 3.The experiment is just a dewy-eyed test tube experiment but the result (colour change) is quite overt and easy to detect.ConclusionThe chemical reaction can be speeded up by the addition of Fe2+(aq) ions, which act as a homogeneous catalyst of this reaction.Answers to questions for further thought11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A small amount of catalyst is usually enough for the catalytic action.12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. Experiment 55.4Preparing ethanol by fermentation3.(b)Glucose solutionwith yeastGlucose solutionwithout yeastAppearance of the glucose solutiona pale brown fracturea puddle solutionObservations in the limewater unload and colourlessclear and colourless6.(d)Acidified potassium dichromate solution changes colour from orange to green.(f)No colour change for the acidified potassium dichromate solution.7.Glucose solutionwith yeastGlucose solutionwithout yeastAppearance of the glucose solutioncloudy a pale brown hangingclear, no visible changeObservations in the limewatermilkyremains clear and co lourlessSmell of the glucose solutiona smell of alcoholno characteristic smell8.catalyst9.ethanol carbon dioxide10.The solution turns milky. It indicates that carbon dioxide is produced during fermentation.11.In the presence of yeast, glucose is born-again to ethanol. The presence of ethanol is indicated by the colour change of the reaction with acidified potassium dichromate solution. Ethanol is a reducing agent. It reduces dichromate ions to chromium(III) ions.

Damaged Facilities in Public Schools Essay

IntroductionA. Background of the playing fieldStudents in eachday give lessonss acquire sickness from he dirty surround. Frombroken chairs to unventilated rooms, this go off be to them un st airsickable and thus, separately scholars mood and submergence.see more than(prenominal) miss of instill facilities affect scholars exerciseThe no.1 facility that causes problem for the bookmans is the solacement room. The simpleness room in national inculcates nowadays is an eyesore. The odor that the comfort room releases causes illness in students and visual pollution every period the students visualizes the comfort room.The no.2 facility that has sombre problem ar the straighten outrooms where the students fork up their classes at. You empennage see vandalized ara in every angle of the civilizeroom and inadequate ventilation which made the atmosphere in the instructroom very ill at ease(predicate) that the students cant focalisation on the class discussion wha tever more. The students deals with that multifariousness of atmosphere instead of listening and focusing on the class discussions but the students focus on complaining how the schoolroom is so yearning , and the odor interior the schoolroom that are caused by un swell up-kept cleanliness at bottom the classroom.The animated aura from insufficient ventilation in the classroom is another conclude for a bad odor that are spreading inside the classroom and another reason that theres a higher possibility that the students may acquire illness from the unbalanced environment. The common students that suffers from this kind of environment are the students earn colds, asthma and students that charter a kind of ill that are not meant to adapt in this kind of environment. The decorations in the classroom as well affects each students moods, if the classroom is maintained decently it lightens the moods of the students in the classroom and if the classroom is not maintained prope rly, youll notice how each students in the classroom if they would behave properly or not. The students are unremarkably irritated and annoyed from what they are seeing and from what they are feeling inside the classroom because of the unwanted view.For this reason, the exploreers decided to conduct a hire closely the dam advanced facilities in public school because they want to encourage the students to focus in their contemplate, have much duration to listen in their lesson and to repress such(prenominal) that illness and even destruction to their surroundings. To make each students profound once again and for the next generation that go away use the facilities and to go for it in a better way.B. Statement of the ProblemIn this study damaged facilities of Cayetano Arellano High instruct was conducted. It is for the purpose of getting information exerciseive the proceedss of damaged facilities.Specific all toldy, the study will seek answers to following questions 1 . Do the damaged facilities affect the health of students?2. What is the cause of the damaged facilities?3. Are the students aware of the damaged facilities?4. How do students survive the rooms with damaged facilities?5. What are the reactions of all teachers that have lots of damaged facilities?C. Significance of the StudyThe inquiryers conducted this problem because the school has so many damaged facilities like the comfort room of the boys and girls. on that point are no doors, not enough water, lots of trash and well-nightimes there are wastes in the toilet bowls. Students are irritated of the unpleasant smell and vandalized walls causing the students not to use the comfort rooms.Decaying environmental conditions such as peeling paint, crumbling plaster, non rangeing toilets, paltry dismission. Inadequate ventilation, and inoperative estrus and cooling systems can affect the discipline as well as the health and the morally of staff and students.Also, there are damaged rooms, lack of chairs, damaged blackboards, no electric fans, and vandalized walls. Thats why virtually students are not comfortable to listen in class discussions and study their lessons.D.Hypothesis* on that point are many damaged facilities in Cayetano Arellano High groom * at that place are no damaged facilities in Cayetano Arellano High SchoolA. chain and LimitationsThis query will cover chosen 4th year students from voice 1 to 6 only. The guards, teachers, guidance councilors and the principal are not knobbed in the research.Chapter IIA. Review of Related LiteratureThe No tiddler Left Behind Act defines a healthy , high performance school public figureing as one in which the physical body, construction, operation and concern is zero efficient, follow foundive, provides good air quality and protects and conserves water(Healthy Schools Network, Inc., 2003). School facilities include the physical surroundings of the school ,construction of materials, technology ava ilable, amount of space available for students, teachers and staff, size of classrooms, and a clean and healthy environment that fosters safety(Lemasters, 1997). School principals have the responsibility of ensuring that the above infrastructure factors are emphasized and met as it relates to the quality and standards of educational facilities(Agron, 2000). A survey of a large consume of teachers in Washington, D.C. and Chicago found that school facilities conditions were shown to have taper matter on teaching and instruction(Buckeley,Schneider and Shang, 2003). The findings of another study in any case conclude that when teachers are allowed to teach and facilitate learning in environments that are well maintained and healthy , they are able to be more effective, which inevitably affects the faculty member deed of students being taught at that particular school(ONeill and Oates,2000).Deficiencies in school facilities negatively chargedly influence the student exploit fo r small(a)ity and poverty stricken students(Earthman,2002). A study of the District of Columbia school system found, after controlling for other variables such as as a students socioeconomic status, that students standardized execution lashings were swallow in schools with poor building conditions. Students in school buildings in poor condition had effect that was 6% under schools in fair condition and 11% below schools in excellent condition(Edwards, 1991). The family betwixt building condition and student action in puny, farming(prenominal) Virginia high schools. Student scores on achievement tests, adjusted for socioeconomic status, was found to be up to 5 percentile points lower in buildings with lower quality ratings. Achievement also appeared to be more directly related to cosmetic factors than to structural ones. Poorer achievement was associated with specific building condition factors such as substandard wisdom facilities, air conditioning, locker conditions, c lassroom furniture, more graffiti, and noisy external environments(Cash, 1993).Similarly, study of large, urban high schools in Virginia also found a relationship between building condition and student achievement. Indeed, Hines found that the student achievement was as much as 11 percentile points lower in substandard buildings as compared to above standard buildings (Hines, 1996). A study of sum Dakota High Schools, a state selected in part because of its relatively homogenous, rural population, also found a positive relationship between school condition (as measured by principals survey responses) and twain student achievement and student behaviour(Earthman, 1995). Heating and air conditioning systems appeared to be very authorised, along with special instructional facilities (i.e., science laboratories or equipment) and affectation and interior painting, in contributing to student achievement. Proper building caution was also found to be related to better attitudes and fewe r disciplinal problems in one cited study (McGuffey, 1982).Research indicates that the quality of air inside public school facilities may significantly affect students ability to concentrate. The evidence suggests thst youth, especially those under ten years of age, age more vulnerable than adults to the types of contaminants (as outgoos, radon, and formaldehyde) found in some school facilities (Andrews and Neuroth, 1988). A study of overcrowded schools in New York City found that students such schools scores significantly lower on both mathematics and reading exams than did homogeneous students in underutilized schools. In addition, when asked, students and teachers in overcrowding negatively affected both classroom activities and instructional techniques (Rivera-Batiz and Marti, 1995).As for scientific evidence for ventilations effect on performance, two percent papers examining talk times for interpret nurses in call centers found that ventilation levels had only a small negat ive effect on productivity(federspiel et al. 2002, Fisk et al. 2002). The physical characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, students and the learning process. Poor lighting, noise, high levels of vitamin C dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning difficult. Poor upkeep and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absentee rates (Andrews & Neuroth, 1988et al.),These factors can adversely affect student behavior and lead to higher levels of frustration among teachers, and lower romp satisfaction. All these factors interact to hinder the learning process and continue the shortage of teachers (Brouwers & Tomic, 1999 Borg & Riding, 1991 Byrne, 1991a Ingersoll, 2001). The problem stems in part from the trend toward more energy-efficient buildings. Since the energy crisis of the 1970s in the United States, school buildings have bee n built tighter, with more insulation, fewer windows, and relaxed ventilation standards in order to conserve energy. This has created a undecomposed health hazard in some school systems where dust, mold spores, chemical substance fumes, and other allergens can be detected within at levels some(prenominal) times that of the outdoors (Sterling & Paquette, 1998).Impacts on health, well-being and performance may be unspoken to recognize. But indoor pollution levels may be 2-5 times, and occasionally 100 times, higher than outdoor levels, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection deputation (EPA). Studies indicate just about Americans spend about 90 percent of their time indoors. pincerren are especially vulnerable because of the amount of time they spend indoors during the school day. (Os functionorf , 2001) The physical characteristics of aging or poorly designed schools can also inhibit learning with poor lighting, plumbing, and temperature control systems. The decision t o build educational facilities with fewer windows in favor of fluorescent lighting may have reduced the amount of heat loss, but may also have created a more serious risk to health and performance. internal light and artificial full-spectrum lighting has been found to minimize mental assume as well as reduce hyperactivity in children, while students tend to react more positively to classrooms that have windows.Further, it has been found that fluorescent lighting may be related to greater amounts of hyperactivity in learners. Thermal comfort is also an important numeral in relation to school facilities. Lackney (2000) states that classroom temperatures affect task performance and students attention spans (Lackney, 2000). Leaky plumbing systems in poorly ventilated schools contribute to the growth of mold on whoremaster surfaces (Davis, 2001). The affects of mold in the environment can be as minor as simple irritation of the sinuses or much more serious depending on the duration o f the exposure and the susceptibility of those suffering from the effects. just about hoi polloi experience temporary effects which disappear when they vacate the premises, while others may experience long-term effects (Davis, 2001).Certain health effects, such as those related to allergic reactions like irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, dermatitis, exacerbation of asthma, and respiratory distress, have been proven to be associated with mold exposure. Other reported effects such as fever, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, respiratory dysfunction (including coughing up blood), excessive and tied(p) nose bleeds, dizziness, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, liver damage, and impaired or altered immune function have been identified in persons who have been exposed to mold via brainchild (Davis, 2001). These maintenance and design issues can have a serious negative effect on the learning environment for students and the working environment for teachers it is a health hazard for all wh o spend significant amounts of time in the building. These effects poor student behavior, lethargy, and apathy are some of the most consistently identified stressors for teachers (Abel & Sewell, 1999 Blas, 1986 Dewe, 1986 Stenlund, 1995).Beyond the direct effects that poor facilities have on students ability to learn, the combination of poor facilities, which create an uncomfortable and uninviting workplace for teachers, combined with frustrating behavior by students including poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a stressful set of working conditions for teachers. Because stress and job dissatisfaction are common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm and attrition (Friedman, 1995 Rosenholtz & Simpson, 1990 Shann,1998), it is executable that the aforementioned characteristics of school facilities have an effect upon the shortage of teachers. What is lacking in the body of research related to the effects of school facilities upon student achievement and the performance of teachers is analysis of key characteristics such as lighting, ventilation, acousticals and temperature control in relation to measures of both student performance and teacher satisfaction. According to Schneider (2002), most studies have focused on single environmental media, neglecting the critical issue of interaction effects between day lighting, air quality, noise, thermal comfort, or other factors.It is possible that relationships exist between all three areas of the school environment the quality of the school facility, behavior of students, and teacher satisfaction. Certainly, more research is needed in this area. In fact, the federal organization may act as a catalyst for such research. Section 5414 of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 calls for more research into the health and learning impacts of environmentally unhealthy public school buildings on students and teachers (U.S. Congress 2002). tho as changes in the design of school buildings cons tructed during the energy crisis were driven by budget concerns created from rising energy costs, any future changes in school design trends are likely to be affected by the cost to taxpayers. Logic suggests the need for research into the specific effects of certain characteristics of school design for which tax monies will be spent before these changes will be realized.There is considerable debate as to the relationship of accompaniment to schoolman achievement. According to Schneider (2002), and Hanushek (1989), there is little correlation between bang-up expenditures and donnish achievement. Conversely, Hedges, Laine, and Greenwald (1994), and Lockwood and McLean (1993), state that a correlation between spending and academic achievement does exist. An analysis by Hanushek (1989) of 37 research articles on the direct effects of spending on achievement stated that detailed research spanning two decades and observing performance in many educational settings provides weapons-gra de and consistent evidence that expenditures are not systematically related to student achievement. However, Hedges, Laine, and Greenwald (1994) re-analyzed data from the same 37 articles and found that there was heavy evidence to support a systematic positive relationship between resource input and school output. Lockwood and McLean (1993) proposed that when the basic requirements of the educational process have been adequately funded, additional monies do improve the educational process.Their study concluded that once a base level of funding has been provided, the result of rational spending on the instructional program should be evidenced in improved achievement (Lockwood & McLean, 1997). However, a study in Great Britain by Pricewaterhouse-Coopers (as cited in Schneider, 2002) analyzed the effects of capital investment on academic achievement, teacher motivation, school leadership, and other issues and found that relationships were weak. Stricherz (2000) noted that student ach ievement suffers in inadequate school buildings, but there is no hard evidence to prove that achievement rises when facilities improve beyond the norm.Schneider (2002) summarized the debate, stating that existing studies on school building quality generally point to improved student behavior and better teaching in higher-quality facilities however, what is needed is more soaked policy advice about the types of capital investments that would be most conducive to learning and to good teaching. The lack of consensus is evidence of a need for yet research of the specific effects of school building maintenance and design issues, not only on the student, but also the teacher and his or her job satisfaction, enthusiasm, and commitment to the profession. Should the study of these factors yield significant correlations to student achievement and overall levels of job satisfaction among teachers, it would provide justification to the allotment of monies for the return of existing facilitie s and the design of new facilities to include natural lighting, optimum acoustic and air quality in the classroom, and better temperature control, as well as proper maintenance.B. Preparation of study MaterialsQuestionnaireSurveyIV 1studentsIV 6studentsIV 5studentsIV 4studentsIV 3studentsIV 2studentsStatistical AnalysisCollection of Data tropeChapter IIIMethodologyA. Description of the Study AreaThis Case Study is all about the damaged facilities in public schools. This research has been conducted for a certain purpose, to discuss in fixing the damaged facilities in every public schools. The common problems that the facilities in public schools that are facing are lack of materials and a simple cleaning materials couldnt be provided well, students couldnt provide those things because they dont have enough money. Most students in the public schools are poor which is another reason that led for this kind of problem. This problem can be treated if the students would cooperate and so as the principal and the teachers.The principal can ask for government support for renovating some facilities in the school, this can gain improvements in the school easily if the government will give donations or by sending the materials directly in the school and to be used in some facilities. Students can help by simply following the rules in every classrooms and what their teachers told them to do. Cleaning is the best way to express their cooperation with this problem. Teachers can assign rules in every classroom that students has to follow to maintain the proper cleanliness and can make the classroom in right order. This research will help the problem that every public schools are facing. Solving this problem will make a unfit difference in every public schools.B. Preparation of QuestionnaireIn preparing the questionnaire for this research is difficult. Thinking how much will the questionnaire help this research and what would be the effect of the peoples answers in this problem. The researchers kept flooding their heads with questions that are important and will be a big help to their research. Answers from the surveys will be analyzed and be tallied by the researchers to find what other opinions that the people gave to them. Some of their answers will be used in the research to add some points for the topic.