Nursing Research with Children: Ethical Guidelines

Nursing query with Children honorable GuidelinesSUCAN SUTANTOIntroductioncapital of Singapore Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (SGGCP) is the first regulatory document which needs to be observed when carriageing trials in Singapore. remainder revised in 1999 by Ministry of health (MOH), the SGCCP regulate conduct of clinical trials in Singapore along with The Medicine (Clinical Trials) Regulations and the Medicine Act. For completely interrogation studies involving human subjects or their tissues and organs, MOH made it obligatory that ethics committees argon schematic to provide scientific inspections of their hire protocols. The establishment of this committee involved all hospitals, both g overnment and restructured. Thus Institutional polish boards (IRB) was born and its guidelines was intentional by The Bioethics Advisory Committee (BAC).IRB play a central role as the gateway for ethnics review of all pitying Biomedical interrogation carried out under the aus pices of its appointing institution (MOH 2007 p.04). Individual researcher and institutions brave out the ultimate ethical responsibility for governing their research. Based on the IRBs functional Guidelines (MOH 2007), three fundamental ethical principles respect for persons, beneficence and justness must be followed in conducting biomedical research involving human. Potentially conquerable populations must be apt(p) special attention.The following sections will insure one of the vulnerable population tikeren. It is primarily challenging for the Ethics committees in rateing paediatric related research as the above principles discussed may conflict with somewhat issues. Vague definitions of principle of equipoise, minimum peril and informed procedures are some change factors. The role of ethic committees in evaluation of stake of infection and their affect in pediatric research will be given more than focus.Search StrategyPubMed database is primarily used in the se arch. Combination of keywords are used including of ethics committees, research, sisterren, pediatric, stake, ethics and appraisal.Children as a population samplingIn Singapore, 21 old age is the age of majority under the common law. For any individual infra the age of 21, Clinical Trial regulation states that enhances or legal representatives consent must be obtained for lodge in trials. This present an ethical plight where the childrens autonomy change by reversal their parent or legal guardian, assuming that they have the childrens top hat interest at heart. The luck- put on ratio of the research is then left to parents and IRBs to de considerationine. risk opinion in pediatric researchAccording to U.S. Department of Health and tender Services (HHS) and Pediatric Clinic of North America (Laventhal et al., 2012), there are four definable risk in human research. In Singapore, the risk are less definitive, 2012 BAC guidelines describe only research involving token(preno minal) risk such as surveys and risks involving more than minimal risks such as those involving incursive proceduresThe first level is minimal risk and it can be outlined as probability and magnitude of physical or psychological deterioration that is normally encountered in the daily lives or in the routine medical, dental, or psychological examination of healthy children (HHS 2009). Studies in this category can be carried out even if they do non offer any demand well-being to the child although consent of at least one parent and the child assent is necessary. However this definition is rather vague and carries an ingrained issue when applied to pediatric patient such as in the hospital. A survey was conducted on review board chair regarding unclothe biopsy on newborn and there is actually a split feeling and classification on whether it should be classified as minimal risk (Westra et al., 2011).The second level of risk involves a nestling development over minimal risk. Al though there might non be sharpen benefits to the child, such research might be allowed if it has the potential to yield worthy knowledge. Risks are deemed acceptable if they are comparable to the actual or anticipate condition of the child, medically or physiologically. In this case, both parents consent and childs assent are required (HHS 2009).The third level of risk is defined as greater than minimal or even minor gain over minimal risk with prospect of necessitate benefit to the child. Whether the potential benefit justifies the risk must be assessed and determined by IRBs (Laventhal et al., 2012). To determine the risk benefit, IRBs uses fixings analytic thinking approach. Each intervention or procedure must be evaluated separately. For those components that represent greater than minimal risk, come on assessment will be done to determine whether it does or does not hold out the prospect of direct benefit to the enrolled child (Roth-Cline et al., 2011).The component a nalysis method however has been critiqued as it is standardized to the norm of clinical equipoise to determine the ethical acceptability of protocols. Definitively, clinical equipoise whole works on the principles of genuine uncertainty on the part of the clinical researcher regarding the comparative therapeutic merits of each treatment arm of a clinical trial and that no one should receive an inferior treatment (Roth-Cline et al., 2011). A dilemma might present itself in trials where data placid is equal to doubt the clinical equipoise but not necessarily generous to justify scientific conclusion. An example could be seen in a review of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) hypothermia treatment trial published by Laventhal et al in 2012.It was signaln in a number of trials involving more than 600 infants that cool down HIE infants core temperature might help to elevate their condition. These randomized controlled trials managed to show overall improvement in mortal ity and disability outcomes although some unseemly side effects were reported. However, Laventhal et al., 2012 pointed out that current evidence might not be adequate to determine the safety of this therapy and its efficacy. Therefore, whether to make this treatment mandatory for such patients remain to be decided. In this case, there is a dilemma on whether to allow more of such trials. On one hand, given that much evidence already supports the treatment, it would seem unethical to even abjure the controlled subjects from such a beneficial treatment. On the other hand, just because a robust scientific conclusion has not been drawn, is it fair to continue to violate the infants to treatments with possible adverse outcomes? For those randomized into non treatment arm, would there be any potential direct benefits? Yet, to answer those questions and to find out long term safety and efficacy questions, the only way might be to conduct more trials.Even within the IRB chairmen there are variations and application of assessment of risk- benefit potential. Shah et al in 2004(Shah et al., 2004) randomly surveyed 175 chairmen in coupled for certain intervention on children relative to the prospect risk and direct benefit. Results were surprising. In one intervention, an allergy skin testing, 23% considers it a minimal risk, close to half consider it minor increase above minimal risk and the rest as more than a minor increase over minimal risk. In the case of direct benefit for participants, 60% of those surveyed consider added psychological counselling as a direct benefit, period another 10% consider participant payment as a direct benefit. These divides in opinion indicates that the integrity of risk and benefits analysis by IRBs can be challenged.The fourth risk level exists for trials where there is no prospect of direct benefit with more than a minor increase over minimal risk for the child. Such studies could be allowed if they have lavishly potential to produ ce very important knowledge. Such cases are not under approval of IRBs, preferably they are referred to an experts panels under the federal government. (Laventhal et al., 2012).In a review by Wendler and Varma in 2006, they examine 9 studies assessed by IRBs which fall into the fourth level. IRBs classified different levels of molest negligible, minor, moderate, severe and catastrophic harm relative to the normal probability a healthy child may encounter in day to day situation. Wendler and Varma then assess the proposed interventions for each study and then compare with the classification given by IRBS.They argued that eight of the studies could actually be categorized into minimal risk instead of the fourth level of risk. A primary example was the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) on healthy children. Known possible harms include nausea, wound and hypoglycemia. Very minimal adverse events were recorded in thousands of pediatric studies involving IVGTT. scarce 1 in 3 000 risk of hypoglycemia, it can be resolved with carbohydrates or glucose injection. It is therefore arguable that the IVGTT risk much more minimal in comparison to the 30 in 1000 chance of minor harm in average children in their daily routines used as a base of the classification. As such, the review shows that misclassification could occur and valuable research clip may be delayed unnecessarily. There is a lack of confirmable database on risks of ordinary activities for reference and this might be a contributing factor for the misclassification. It forces the IRB members to rely on their own individuals life experiences to determine the perceptions of risk therefore causing biased.To conclude, pediatric studies have been shown to provide an ethical review challenge. In order to improve the risk analysis and reduce bias, existential data on the risk of research procedures in pediatric studies as well as database on the risk of daily activities should be collected and better est ablished for reference. There should be standardized guidelines for risk analysis with certain flexibility to account for unique feature of each study(1542 words)ReferencesBioethics Advisory Committee (2004) Research involving human subjects. Guidelines for IRBs. Singapore BAC. Available from http//www.bioethics-singapore.org/ proponent/publications/reports/172-research-involving-human-subjects-guidelines-for-irbs.html Accessed 28th Jan 2015Bioethics Advisory Committee (2012) Ethics Guidelines for Human Biomedical Research. Singapore BAC. Available from http//www.bioethics-singapore.org/images/uploadfile/32914 PM2012-06-20 BAC Ethics Guidelines (for comments) F.pdf Accessed 28th Jan 2015Ministry of Health (2007) Governance Framework for Human Biomedical Research. Available from https//www.moh.gov.sg/content/dam/moh_web/Publications/Guidelines/Human Biomedical Research/2007/Governance Frwk for HBR_14-12-07_formatted.pdf accessed 02 March 2015Department of Health and Human Services (2009). US code of Federal Regulations, USA, FDA, Available from http//www.hhs.gov/ohrp/archive/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.html46.404 Accessed 28th Jan 2015Fernandez, C. (2008) estimable Issues in health research in children. Paediatr Child Health 13(8) 707-712LAVENTHAL, N., TARINI, B. A. LANTOS, J. 2012. respectable issues in neonatal and pediatric clinical trials. Pediatr Clin North Am, 59, 1205-20.Ministry of Health (2007) Operational Guidelines for Institutional Review Boards. Singapore MOH Available from https//www.moh.gov.sg/content/dam/moh_web/Publications/Guidelines/Human Biomedical Research/2007/IRB Operational Guidelines_14-12-07_formatted.pdf Accessed 28th Jan 2015ROTH-CLINE, M., GERSON, J., BRIGHT, P., LEE, C. S. NELSON, R. M. 2011. Ethical considerations in conducting pediatric research. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 205, 219-44.SHAH, S., WHITTLE, A., WILFOND, B., GENSLER, G. WENDLER, D. 2004. How do institutional review boards apply the federal risk and benefit standar ds for pediatric research? Jama, 291, 476-82.Westra AE, Wit, JM Sukhai, RN. And Beaufort ID. (2011) How to best define the concept of minimal risk. The daybook of Pediatrics 159 (3) 496-500WENDLER, D. VARMA, S. 2006. Minimal risk in pediatric research. J Pediatr, 149, 855-61.Wendler, D. and Glantz L. (2007). A standard for assessing the risks of pediatric research pro and con. J Pediatr 150, 579-582

Sickle cell anemia

reaping hook mobile ph whiz anaemiaAbstract sickle electric stall anemia is an inherited occupation disorder characterized primarily by inveterate anemia and periodic episodes of disquiet. The underlying problem involves haemoglobin, a component of tearing blood carrells. Hemoglobin molecules in for each one rubordish blood cellphone carry oxygen from the lungs to body organs and tissues and bring carbon dioxide prat to the lungs. In reap hook cell anemia, the hemoglobin is uncollectible. After hemoglobin molecules croak up their oxygen, round may cluster together and system long, rod-like structures. These structures come red blood cells to become stiff and assume a reap hook shape. Unlike normal red cells, which ar usu whollyy smooth and donut-shaped, reap hook red cells cannot squeeze through broken blood vessels. Instead, they stack up and cause block hop ons that deprive organs and tissues of oxygen-carrying blood. convention red blood cells experienc e about 120 days in the bloodstream, entirely reaping hook red cells die after about 10 to 20 days. Because they cannot be replaced turbulent equal, the blood is chronically short of red blood cells, a antecedent called anemia. Sickle cell anemia affects millions throughout the world. It is particularly harsh among lot whose ancestors come from Africa South America, Cuba, Central America Saudi Arabia India and Mediterranean countries much(prenominal) as Turkey, Greece, and Italy.Sickle cell anemia complaint The inherited haemoglobinopathies are a group of disorders that include thalassaemia and reaping hook-cell illness. These diseases are a major(ip) public health problem in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Asia, tropical Africa and the Caribbean. However, because of population flow, they are now widespread and occur in Europe and North and South America. According to the World Health Organization, the suppose estimates of affected i ndividuals indicate that 240 million throng are heterozygous for these disorders and at least 200000 lethally affected homozygotes are born annually, approximately equally divided up between sickle-cell anaemia and thalassaemia syndromes. This research papers about the definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosing and handling of sickle cell disease. too, this paper talks about the habitual guidelines to keep the sickle cell unhurried healthy and recommendation that the patient and families should cod for it.1-Definition Sickle cell anemia (uh-NEE-me-uh) is a sober disease in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells. Sickle-shaped elbow room that the red blood cells are shaped like a C. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and look like doughnuts without holes in the center. They perish easily through your blood vessels. Red blood cells view as the protein hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin). This iron-rich protein gives blood its red colo r and carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin that causes the cells to redeem a sickle shape. Sickle-shaped cells dont start easily through your blood vessels. Theyre stiff and sticky and tend to form groups and get stuck in the blood vessels. (Other cells as well may play a role in this grouping process.) The groups of sickled cells block blood flow in the blood vessels that lead to the limbs and organs. Blocked blood vessels can cause pain, serious infections, and organ pervert.2- Causes Sickle cell anemia is an autonomic recessive communicable disorder caused by a defect in the HBB gene, which codes for hemoglobin. The presence of 2 defective genes (SS) is needed for sickle cell anemia. If each parent carries one sickle hemoglobin gene (S) and one normal gene (A), each child has a 25% line up of acquire two defective genes and having sickle cell anemia a 25% chance of inheriting two normal genes and not having the d isease and a 50% chance of be an unaffected carrier like the parents. Two of the well-nigh common variations of the sickle cell gene areA- Sickle cell property A person with the sickle cell trait is carrying the defective gene, but also has close to normal hemoglobin. Individuals with sickle cell trait are usually without symptoms of the disease. Mild anemia may occur. Under intense trying conditions, exhaustion, hypoxia (low oxygen), and/or severe infection, the sickling of the defective hemoglobin may occur and ensue in some complications associated with the sickle cell disease.B- Sickle cell anemia A person with sickle cell anemia has most or all of the normal hemoglobin replaced with the sickle hemoglobin. It is the most common and most severe form of the sickle cell variations. These individuals suffer from a transmutation of complications due to the shape and thickness of the sickle cells. Due to the decreased cast of hemoglobin cells circulating in the body, severe an d chronic anemia is also a common characteristic.3- Sign and Symptoms The clinical course of sickle cell anemia does not follow a single pattern some patients have mild symptoms, and some have very severe symptoms. The canonic problem, however, is the same the sickle-shaped red blood cells tend to get stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood. These results in the following conditions A- Hand-foot syndrome When small blood vessels in hands or feet are impede, pain and lubber can result, along with fever. This may be the first symptom of sickle cell anemia in infants. Fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breath These are all symptoms of anemia or a shortage of red blood cells. B- wound that occurs suddenly in any body organ or correlative A patient may experience pain wherever sickle blood cells block oxygen flow to tissues. The frequency and heart of pain vary. Some patients have painful episodes (also called crises) less than once a year, and some have as many as 15 or more(prenominal) episodes in a year. Some meters pain lasts only a few hours sometimes it lasts several weeks. For severe continuous pain, the patient may be hospitalized and treated with pain sweep awayers and intravenous fluids. Pain is the principal symptom of sickle cell anemia in both children and adults.C -Eye problems The retina, the film at the back of the eye that bids and processes visual images, can deterio rank when it does not get enough nourishment from circulating red blood cells. Damage to the retina can be serious enough to cause blindness.D- Yellowing of skin and eyes These are signs of jaundice, resulting from quick breakdown of red blood cells. Delayed growth and puberty in children and often a slight build in adults The slow rate of growth is caused by a shortage of red blood cells4- Complications A-Infections In cosmopolitan, both children and adults with sickle cell anemia are more nonresistant to infections and have a harder time fighting them o ff. This is the result of spleen damage from sickle red cells, hence holding the spleen from destroying bacteria in the blood. Also the bone marrow gets enlarged because of the change magnitude need to produce red blood cells. Infants and young children especially are suspectible to bacterial infections that can kill them in as little as 9 hours from onset of fever. pneumococcal infections used to be the principal cause of death in children with sickle cell anemia until physicians began routinely giving penicillin on a prophylactic basis to those who are diagnosed at birth or in archaean infancyB- Stroke Defective hemoglobin damages the walls of red blood cells, causing them to stick to blood vessel walls. The resulting narrowed or blocked small blood vessels in the brain can lead to serious, unsafe strokes, primarily in children.C-Acute breast syndrome Similar to pneumonia, this life-threatening complication is caused by infection or trapped sickle cells in the lung. It is c haracterized by breast pain, fever, and an abnormal chest X-ray.5- Diagnosis Early diagnosis of sickle cell anemia is critical so children who have the disease can receive proper treatment.Blood test More than 40 states now coiffe a simple, inexpensive blood test for sickle cell disease on all newborn infants. This test is performed at the same time and from the same blood samples as other routine newborn-screening tests. Hemoglobin ionophoresis is the most widely used diagnostic test. If the test shows the presence of sickle hemoglobin, a second blood test is performed to confirm the diagnosis. These tests also sort whether or not the child carries the sickle cell trait.6- Treatment Although thither is no cure for sickle cell anemia, doctors can do a great deal to help patients, and treatment is constantly being improved. radical treatment of painful crises relies heavily on painkilling drugs and oral and intravenous fluids to tighten pain and check complications.A- Blood Tr ansfusions Transfusions correct anemia by increasing the number of normal red blood cells in circulation. They can also be used to treat spleen enlargement in children to begin with the condition becomes life-threatening. Regular transfusion therapy can help prevent come about strokes in children at high risk.B-Oral Antibiotics Giving oral penicillin twice a day beginning at 2 months and continuing until the child is at least 5 years old can prevent pneumococcal infection and first death. Recently, however, several new penicillin-resistant strains of pneumonia bacteria have been reported. Since vaccines for these bacteria are ineffective in young children, studies are being planned to test new vaccines.C-Hydroxyurea The first effective drug treatment for adults with severe sickle cell anemia was reported in early 1995, when a study conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute showed that routine doses of the anticancer drug hydroxyurea reduced the frequency of pain ful crises and acute chest syndrome. Patients taking the drug needed less blood transfusions. Regular health maintenance is critical for people with sickle cell anemia. Proper nutrition, true hygiene, bed rest, protection against infections, and avoidance of other stresses all are heavy in maintaining dandy health and preventing complications. Regular visits to a physician or clinic that provides comprehensive care are necessary to identify early changes in the patients health and ensure immediate treatment. Today, with good health care, many people with sickle cell anemia are in reasonably good health much of the time and living productive lives. In fact, in the past 30 years, the life expectancy of people with sickle cell anemia has increased. What can be done to help prevent these complications? Sickle cell patient should be under the care of a aesculapian team that understands sickle cell disease. All newborn babies detected with sickle cell disease should be placed on daily penicillin to prevent serious infections. All of the childhood immunizations should be given in appurtenance to the pneumococcal vaccine. Parents should know how to check for a high temperature because this signals the need for a quick medical checkup for serious infection. The following are general guidelines to keep the sickle cell patient healthy Taking the vitamin folic bitter (foliate) daily to help make new red cells Daily penicillin until age six to prevent serious infection Drinking plenty of water daily (8-10 glasses for adults) Avoiding too hot or too bleak temperatures Avoiding over exertion and stress Getting a sufficient amount of rest Getting regular check-ups from knowledgeable health care providers Patients and families should watch for the following conditions that need an immediate medical evaluation Fever thorax pain Shortness of Breath Increasing tiredness Abdominal pomposity Unusual headache Any sudden weakness or bolshy of feeling Pain tha t will not go away with fundament treatment Pianism (painful erection that will not go down) Sudden sight change.Conclusion To conclude, sickle cell anemia like other chronic life-threatening disease can cause this inherited to patient and family members connectedness where members share common experiences and problems can reveal this situation because it gets better mind and management of the disease. There is no cure, therefore nurses should understand the actions that can prevent or relieve symptoms in order to meet the challenges of caring for patients with sickle cell disease and helping them to minimize its effect on their lives.References Brunner and Suddarth , Medical-Surgical Nursing, (2004), tenth edition http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_Summary.html http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324 http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html http//www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/genetic/sickle_cell_anemia. html http//www.medicinenet.com/sickle_cell/article.htm Desai, D. V. Hiren Dhanani (2004). Sickle Cell Disease History And Origin. The Internet Journal of Heamatology 1 (2). http//www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijhe/vol1n2/sickle.xml. Pearson H (Aug 1977). Sickle cell anaemia and severe infections due to encapsulated bacteria http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/meningitis.html. http//www.emro.who.int/Publications/EMHJ/0303/03.htm

Elements of Information Security

Elements of Information protective covering administrationThe fast growing of internet technologies and teaching technologies forces individuals, educational institutes or enterprises to work the internet that also introduces numerous illegal users which destroy or sharpshoot network security with the help of various fake websites, Trojan buck or other viruses, fake mails and many more (Yim et al, 2014). Computer organisations be mostly affected by this network attacks and even hindquarters fiddle computer networks in state of paralysation. Intruders or illegal users use ample information from computer networks for their personal benefits. Further, some invaders use that information to begin huge disastrous activities by targeting military or government departments that back tooth cause threat to national as well as sociable security.Information security elementsThe security of information take to be base on business objectives and ensures enterprise security. The p rotection of networks needs to be handled by top management of enterprises. The system for security needs to be price strong. The policies link up to information security needs to be published in detailed mood by describing role of each employee in enterprises. The system needs to be monitored on continuous basis that will overturn un empower get to to information systems and enhance privacy of network as well (Lesjak et al, 2015). During development of information systems, analysis of risks, analysis of business shock absorber and classification of information documents needs to be considered. Reassessment of information system needs to be done on continuous basis for its modifications and value of networks. Organizations culture also needs to be considered while developing secured information system. protective covering characteristicsData needs to be integrated in effective means and its modification needs to be done by authorised persons only. Data encryption needs to b e considered for avoiding any unauthorised access form external users (Xie et al, 2014). Data should be available to authorised users on their demands only. The flow of information needs to be controlled in effective manner by following appropriate information patterns standardized data access, contents or communication for secured IT systems.Security awarenessThe certain awareness programs needs to be introduced at different organizational levels for the IT security purposes. Education relate to security needs to be done in such manner that should be cost effective and strategies need to be developed for security purposes (Ahmad et al, 2014). The awareness gap is created due to lack of inappropriate knowledge related to security of information technology systems.Network security threatsThe human errors like improper usage by operators, vulnerabilities related to security configuration, lack of security awareness among users, or usage of simple passwords are some threats that t ummy affect IT security systems. Security attacks in terms of active or passive attacks whitethorn possess threat to information or data stored in the systems and at the same time, privacy or confidentiality of security systems whitethorn also be suffered due to these attacks (Cardenas et al, 2013). Lack of secure networking software may also make IT systems more vulnerable to hackers and unauthorised users. Illegal users which can access personal information by unauthorised manner are also one of network security threat that is affecting IT systems.Security solutionsFirewalls are networking devices which are used for restricting passage of traffic in between the different networks. This consists of both software as well as hardware components and helps in implementing policies of security in effective manner (Zhao and Ge, 2013). spying system for intrusion monitors IT systems on real time basis by using various sensors, analysers or components of user interface. This system works by gathering information from different sources or networks and accordingly analyses invasion signs by interpreting patterns of unauthorised activities on the system.ReferencesAhmad, A., Maynard, S. and Park, S. (2014) Information security strategies towards an organizational multi-strategy perspective. ledger of Intelligent Manufacturing, 25(2), pp.357-370.Cardenas, A., Manadhata, P. and Rajan, S. (2013) Big data analytics for security. IEEE Security Privacy, 11(6), pp.74-76.Lesjak, C., Hein, D. and Winter, J. (2015) Hardware-security technologies for industrial IoT TrustZone and security controller. In Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE (pp. 002589-002595). IEEE.Xie, F., Peng, Y., Zhao, W., Gao, Y. and Han, X. (2014) Evaluating Industrial Control Devices Security Standards, Technologies and Challenges. In IFIP International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial way (pp. 624-635). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Yim, K., Castiglione, A. and You, I. (2014) Prosperity of IT security technologies in homeland defense. J. Ambient cognizance and Humanized Computing, 5(2), pp.169-171.Zhao, K. and Ge, L. (2013) A survey on the internet of things security. In Computational watchword and Security (CIS), 2013 9th International Conference on (pp. 663-667). IEEE.

Extraordinary Rendition And Terrorism Criminology Essay

Extraordinary translation And Terrorism Criminology EssayWhat is terrorism? Although it is difficult to come to a ordinary definition of terrorism, it back end be described as warf be involving the enforce or threat of violence, typically against an influential noncombatant target, with the idea of creating fearfulness in a broad audience (Domestic Terrorism 1). Terrorism emerges when a classify of terrorists want to get their message across to a group of lot with higher power, usually a authorities. The goal of the terrorists is to fight for rights, anti-imperialism, or any other cause deemed important by the group (Global Terrorism). The war on terrorism has been going on since the beginning of civilization.Terrorism attacks derive very often throughout the gentlemans gentleman, usually at least single almost every daymagazine. Occasionally the attacks make headlines worldwide. One of the most kn stimulate and well-known terrorist attacks took place on folk 11, 2001 . A terrorist group from the heart and soul East known as al-Qaeda flew planes into the Twin Tower buildings set in the fall in States. galore(postnominal) people were killed and it was a devastating day for the linked States. To prevent attacks such as this from happening again, the practice of uncomparable translation was adopted by the linked States. Extraordinary interlingual version can be defined as kidnapping alleged terrorists from their homeland or some other state of matter and holding them for questioning in secretive bases let throughout the country (Extraordinary interlingual rendition 1). Although the war on terrorism requires precautions, preternatural rendition is incorruptly wrong due to the fact that it is non invariably impelling and it involves harsh tactics.Extraordinary rendition has been practiced by the unify States C.I.A. for or so 9 social classs. Before the September eleventh terrorist attack in New York, on that point were practices utilize to endure terrorists. However, these practices were not legalized until after the September 11th attacks. The stated purpose of funny rendition is to obtain terrorists in the first place they launch an attack (Extraordinary version 1). This practice is hard to justify since the politics usually does not have solid evidence proving if the doubt is a terrorist foregoing to taking him hostage.Surprisingly, extraordinary rendition is considered to be legal by the United States government. Ironically, this practice is not governed by any law (Extraordinary Rendition 1). It is believed to be a necessary tactic in the war against terrorism. The practices used by the C.I.A. tend to be very crude, but they are miss and considered to be non-torturous (Extraordinary Rendition 1). However, memos were leaked that showed evidence of violent practices used in inquiry (A crack in the wall of secrecy 1). Extraordinary rendition is unremarkably referred to as plainly a precaution and nothing more (Extraordinary Rendition 1). On the other hand, if we take a person hostage and cruelly curse them for culture they might not possess, wouldnt that make us terrorists as well?Other countries seem to agree that extraordinary rendition isnt a moral tactic. Throughout the world, it is heavily criticized (Extraordinary Rendition 1). The method of extraordinary rendition combines two illegal practices to make a legal practice. Countries throughout the world believe it is wrong due to the fact that it involves kidnapping and torturing, both crimes that are punishable under federal and international law (Extraordinary Rendition 1). It is reprise runard that the government is allowed to kidnap and abuse people if a venomous were to do so, hed be convicted.Harsh tactics are one of the C.I.A.s pop off ways to obtain instruction from suspects. Possible terrorists are usually becomed by the C.I.A. and either interrogated on United States soil or sent to another country to be questioned (The law extraordinary rendition and presidential fiat. 8). Although that sounds safe, some of the foreign countries will use the hurt method in tell apart to obtain their info. For example, Egypt, Syria and Morocco have been identified as commonly using rack on their victims (Extraordinary Rendition 1). The current estimate number of prisoners is in the hundreds. As if that isnt bad enough, the government did not have warrants to take these prisoners hostage. The government simply believed the prisoners were terrorists, and decided that their hunch is obedient enough springing to arrest them.In addition to assuming people are terrorists, the techniques they use to acquire learning are quite horrific. A commonly used tactic is called water supplyboarding. Waterboarding is when water is inserted into the prisoners lungs, resulting in him fearing the possibility of drowning. It is believed that this would cause him to reveal information he would not under or dinary circumstances. The government considers it to be a perfectly moral and legal practice. For example, Condoleezza Rice, the secretary of state during President George Bushs term, stated that this practice is in all acceptable and that the prisoners are treated with hospitality (Extraordinary rendition and the wages of craft 1). It is clear that the United States has a slim definition of torture, and the abusing of the supposed terrorists is overlooked.In addition to waterboarding, the C.I.A. also uses the long time standing technique. This entails the prisoner beness forced to stand while their hands and feet are shackled. Their feet are so shackled to the floor as well. The person is then left to stand at that place until they become exhausted of standing and tell the government the information they seek. The C.I.A. states that the exhaustion and sleep deprivation is what makes the victim reveals information. They are so ill they do not dupe they are leaking important secrets. The long time standing practice is said to be one of the most effective in obtaining information from stubborn suspects.Although the techniques can be helpful, extraordinary rendition itself is not always effective. This practice involves taking the alleged terrorist hostage, and then interrogating him, usually with torture if he is not openly willing to reveal information with simple questions. If the prisoner is deemed to be innocent, he is then set salvage. numerous times this occurs, and the government simply states they had the wrong guy. However, what if he really was a terrorist, and was just very good at lying? in that respect is no way to be sure that what the prisoner is revealing is accurate information, and that it is not just a sneaky tactic to stay alive. At the resembling time, what if the government decides the prisoner is a terrorist when he is truly innocent?On numerous occasions, innocent people are accused of being terrorists or being involved in te rrorist activities. For example Benamar Benatta fled his home country of Algeria on September 5th, 2001 because he feared death in his homeland. Benatta then settled in Canada. He was taken captive the night after the September 11th attack in New York City. Without being offered the chance to testify against his capture or being told where he was being taken, the Canadian police swarm him over the border and handed him over to the Americans to be questioned. The only reason he was thought to be a terrorist was because he was a Muslim and he had once served in the Algerian military. Nevertheless, this accusation was false. Benatta spent approximately three old age in prison where he claims he was tortured. He was finally released on July 20, 2003 and allowed to return to Canada. Although he is now a free man, he says this incident will haunt him for the rest of his life (Bitter anniversary for rendition victim 1).Another saddening example of an innocent person being taken hostage i s the story of Binyam Mohamed. He was a 32 year old man of Ethiopian descent who came to the United Kingdom to find refuge. Mohamed was a cleaner who lived in London. He went on a get down to Pakistan and Afghanistan where he was arrested at the Karachi airport. According to sources, Mohamed was believed to be a member of the Taliban. Mohamed claims that he was taken around the world and tortured by officials who thought he was hiding information. Later on, Mohamed was deemed innocent and released from prison. (Bill for subsidence Guantanamo Bay torture cases could surpass pounds sterling30m 2).Richard Belmar was a British citizen. He converted to Islam in his teenage years and coincidently traveled to Pakistan right before the September 11th incident. He was captured in Pakistan. Later on, Belmar was taken to other places such as Bagram and Guantnamo where he claims he was mistreated by the officials interrogating him. Belmar was eventually released in January of 2005 without ch arge (Bill for settling Guantanamo Bay torture cases could top pounds sterling30m 2). These are just a hardly a(prenominal)er cases where an innocent person was misfortunate and accused of being a terrorist there are many other instances known all around the world.Many of these hostages were only considered to be members of a terrorist group based on their earth. Binyam was detained because he was Ethiopian. Belmar was arrested based on his religious background (Bill for settling Guantanamo Bay torture cases could top pounds sterling30m 2). Mohamed was accused simply because he was Muslim (Bitter anniversary for rendition victim). Just because someone is of foreign descent and lives in another country does not mean they are there for terroristic reasons. For example, when hikers from the United States were captured in Iran, the United States government thought it was ridiculous and believed they should be set free immediately. What they failed to realize is they tend to do the sa me thing to any foreigners in the United States that appear suspicious. It is quite racist of the United States to target people from the philia East as possible terrorist suspects. In the U.S. each year, many of its own native citizens are in cahoots with terrorists all over the world. Why arent these people targeted as well? Is it simply because they were born in the United States?There is not always clear evidence that the suspect is a terrorist. When the government detains someone as a terrorist suspect, it is often within a few years after a terrorist attack. On the other hand, if they are velocity to find possible suspects, they are probably entailing irrationally. Most credibly they do not even perform a thorough background twin on the suspect. It would take more than a few days to do so, and some of these victims are taken the day after or even the day of an attack. On many occasions, such as the ones above, there is no proof that the captive is a terrorist (Bill for se ttling Guntanamo Bay torture cases could top pounds sterling30m 2). If this is the case, they are set free, usually after being pointlessly tortured.To sum it all up, extraordinary rendition is not a impregnable technique to obtain information from suspects. It seems to have more negative consequences than good. Although it is a smart idea to try and prevent terrorist attacks from occurring, perhaps the government should think more rationally. Before detaining someone, a thorough and complete background check is needed. There also must be solid evidence and good reasoning to justify taking a person hostage.Furthermore, something must be done about the harsh interrogation techniques. We cannot keep overlooking them as necessary in the war against terrorism. These techniques may be helpful, but there are more humane and equally effective ways to obtain information. For example, sooner of controlled drowning, officials could try calmly reasoning with the suspects. Although it seems a s if this would not be effective, it has been proven to work in ordinary criminal investigations. Harming a suspect may make them refrain from telling any helpful information they might possess. Doing so might also provoke hatred for the United States. Benamar Benatta, a man who did not show hatred for the United States prior to his detainment, appeared to feel bitter resentment towards the U.S. after his three year immurement (Bitter anniversary for rendition victim 1-2). Even if an innocent suspect wasnt antecedently involved in any terrorist attacks, it might compel him to begin acquiring involved to get his revenge. All in all, by using this technique the United States may be furthering their susceptibility of being attacked. Therefore, this proves that the practice of extraordinary rendition is insufficient, seeing as it may actually worsen the chances of terrorist attacks occurring instead of reducing them.

Impacts of the Pornography Industry

Impacts of the porn applicationCritically assess the case that the products of the contemporaneous crock industry be both a cause of strength and discrimination subscribe toed against women and as well intrinsically harmful.It is non the purpose of this essay to defend the contemporary dirty wordography industry which to this day remains a dirty and -to a large extent- a male-dominated, exploitative business, hardly rather to understand the reasons place this sad realness. Pornography make its first prominent appearance in womens rightist discourse in the late 70s, when feminist groups much(prenominal) as Women Against Violence in Pornography and the Media (WAVPM) embarked upon their anti- filthography campaign in the San Francisco Bay area. The alleged(a)(prenominal) sex wars of the 1980s brought to the highest degree an unprecedented division within the feminist movement. Anti- obscenity writers, such as Andrea Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon - informants of the famous Minneapolis and Indianapolis ordinances advocated the censorship of vulgarismo bright significant, on account of its role as a practice that is central to the mastery of women. Other feminists put forth a liberal legal argument, invoking the offset Amendment to the American Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech. Two decades later, the smut fungusography debate has retained its relevance in feminist discourse. There is still heated disagreement all over three interrelated issues what is the explanation of carbon black? Does carbon black cause emphasis and discrimination against women? What is the best way to deal with filthography in the insurance policy and legislation arenas? objet dart critically assessing the anti- porn thesis, I willing argue in turn that most familiarly translucent graphic material is non the cause but can mirror the misogyny and exploitation that characterizes raw societies and that far from being intrinsically harmful porn ography can in occurrence be employed in the service of feminist ideas.A necessary starting point if we are to understand pornography would be an analytically helpful translation. But this is itself one of the main points of disagreement betwixt feminists. The pro-censorship side has emulated traditional definitions of pornography and equated sexual explicitness with effect and female subordination. Dworkin understands pornography as the platform where sexist political orientation thrives by exhibiting male supremacy, perceptible in s til now interwoven strains the great power of the self, physical power, the power of terror, the power of naming, the power of possessing, the power of money and the power of sex. Contemporary porn depicts women as the help little victims of men bound, tortured, humiliated, battered, urinated upon or merely wearn and apply. Evoking the Grecian etymology of the word, Dworkin (199024) defines pornography as the graphic depiction of whores, (p orne being the Greek for a cheap prostitute or sex slave). Thus pornography is conceived as something sexist, uncivilized and exploitative by definition in new(prenominal) words, as an intrinsically harmful phenomenon.Even at this early stage, pro-censorship digest seems to rest on shaky methodological grounds. First it involves a clear circular argument which condemns pornography with go forth trying to understand it, around ilk arguing that pornography is bad, because it is bad. Second, the cross-cultural analysis of superannuated Greece is dubious, if not completely a-historical, since pornography is not an ancient but a straitlaced neologism, invented in the 19th century, thus reflecting Victorian sensitivities rather than ancient realities. Third, the definition of porn as a field of violence and sexism logically entails a distinction from an new(prenominal)(prenominal), sexually explicit material that is not violent, de center and exploitative, but is based on sentime nts of mutuality and reciprocity. Defining this emerging category, usually referred to as Erotica, is a highly subjective endeavor and obviously uncooperative for an academic or a judge. Equating sexual explicitness to violence, misogyny and other value-judgments is not only counter productive to the search for a descriptive definition of pornography it is also untrue, since it is often the case that soft porn or even altogether non-sexual material can contain unt elderly more disturbing scenes of violence and sexism than pornography itself. Fourth, most of the anti-porn literature has apply its definitions of pornography in a vague and inconsistent manner, jumping from the graphic depiction of whores to the more mainstream concept of porn as cheaply produced soil for instant consumption and sometimes to a more inclusive definition containing phenomena as diverse as fashion, TV commercials, sex toys and sex education. methodological concerns aside, anti-porn definitions of porno graphy entail positions that appear to contradict the very essence of feminism. Anti-porn pronouncements on good, sensitive Erotica vis--vis bad, abusive porn are essentially pronouncements about good and bad sexuality. At the risk of caricature, this entails restrictions on sexuality of Orwellian dimensions, and is contrary to the fights of the feminist, gay and lesbian movements for sexual liberation and diversity. One anti-porn author opines that erotica is rooted in eros, or passionate love, and thus in the idea of positive choice, free will, the yearning for a particular person, whereas in pornography the subject is not love at all, but supremacy and violence against women. Statements like this one seem to imply an acceptance of old patriarchical stereotypes of the form men are aggressive and polygamous by nature, bandage women are passive and monogamous and that women do not, cannot or should not be in possession of intercourse sex in itself. Paradoxically, Dworkins (1990) synoptic treatment of the history of pornography exagge judge the passivity and helplessness of female victims and the violence of male domination to such an extent, that it unwittingly reinforces the very binary stereotypes that feminism has historically fought to uproot. Her presentation of women in pornography as whores, is at best patronizing, if not condescending and contemptuous towards female porn-workers, who often choose to follow that mode of subsistence. The choices of porn-workers deserve as much respect as those of women working in less stigmatized industries and, perhaps, even greater feminist solidarity. Pro-censorship argumentation tends to revolve around two rhetorical gimmicks. The first is the exaggeration of the amount and degree of violence contained in grownup material, through the accumulation of undeniably disturbing images. The slide shows projected in WAVPM meetings and the material articulately described in Dworkins book have been handpicked for their sho ck-value and power to disturb. Drawn primarily from the underground cultures of Bizarre, Bestiality and SM, most of these images are largely unrepresentative of the mainstream market, which is both highly diversified and specialized. Specialization is a key-point because of the basic fact that different people have different turn-ons. given(p) that some people may find publicly disturbing, what others view as privately stimulating is no good reason to label porn in its entirety as intrinsically offensive. The second rhetorical device lies in the argument that pornography is not just a prototype of imaginary violence but also a recorded globe or as put by MacKinnon, a documentary of evil. Again this argument misleadingly conflates reality with representational fantasy. To claim that all woman -or man- that appears to be cursed in a porn-movie is real ab apply, is almost as nave as claiming that every man shot-dead in, say, the Terminator, is actually dead. The anti-porn argumen t fails to take into consideration factors such as artifice, acting and role-playing. While genuine case of abuse are not absent from the porn industry, the vast majority of depictions of violence occur in a role-playing context of use which carefully ensures the safety of the actors.My view is that understanding pornography requires a descriptive definition which, instead of passing judgments over the moral credentials and political consciousness of its participants, focuses on the realities of the porn industry. In this light, modern pornography, as we go to bed it, is the graphic representation of sexually explicit material, mass-produced and mass-consumed with the purpose of sexual arousal. Although it is not intrinsically evil, this industry is morally no break in than the society that produces it.The effect of sexually explicit material on its viewers and society at large is the second main component of the pornography debate. Anti-porn analysis has insisted on a theory of causality, whereby real rape, physical abuse and humiliation of women by men occur as a repoint result of their exposure to the hateful values of pornography. In Dworkins own words at the heart of the female condition is pornography it is the ideology that is the source of all the rest. By equating the representation of violence with injurious action, Dworkin evokes what neo-Aristotelian theorists of representation have termed as the Mimesis-model. Derived from the Greek word mimesis, blottoing imitation or reproduction, the model positions the real both sooner and after its representation.At a theoretical level the Mimesis-model can be sufficiently challenged by another Aristotelian concept, that of Catharsis. This would entail that far from step-down men to perpetrators of violence, exposure to the mock-violence of pornography -with all its artistic conventions and restrictions- would relieve them of the violent dispositions that lay hidden in their psyche, in the same way tha t, say, a horror movie may give us amusement without inciting violence and blood-thirst. The Catharsis-model fits particularly well to the very nature of pornography. Founded on a much-attested gentle desire for an occasional breach of taboo, porn tends to represent situations and feelings that may well be anti brotherly and very often remote from what the actual social practice is. Japan -a country with one of the lowest rape rates world-wide- sustains a huge pornographic industry that specializes in violence and sexual domination. The anti-pornography perceptive fails to grasp this crucial distinction between social reality and harmless fantasy. In terms of empirical evidence, psychological experiments on the alleged correlation between exposure to porn and violent activity are, at best, inconclusive. Historical and cross-societal analysis is equally unpromising for the Mimesis-argument. Porn, in its modern sense, is a very recent creation. And yet, the exploitation of women by men had predated it by thousands of years. At the same time, political systems that adhered to the systematic suppression of pornographic representations, such as the Soviet Union or modern Islamic states, had not been less exploitative or violent.And yet, many anti-porn thinkers have insisted on censorship, despite the fact that this insistence has produced an awkward alliance with moral traditionalists from the Right. If passed, the 1984 Minneapolis ordinance would have reinvented pornography as a criminal offence, distinct from obscenity. This would have allowed women to take civil action against anyone involved in the production, or distribution of pornography, on the grounds that they had been harmed by its portrayal of women. In the passionate words of Andrea Dworkin (1990224) we will know that we are free when the pornography no longer exists. As long as it does exist, we must understand that we are the women in it used by the same power, subject to the same valuation, as the vile whores who exploit for more. If only, pornography was, indeed, the mother of all evil. Then sexism could be uprooted at one, simple, legislative stroke. But unfortunately, sexism, violence and exploitation are endemic to the economic structure of the modern society and pervasive of all our media. Pornography seems to have been singled out as a scapegoat for all forms of sexual prejudices in instantlys world. The long-standing social stigma and visual honesty of the industry made it an easy target to right-wingers and left-wingers alike.Censorship has not worked in the past and at that place is no reason to believe that it will work in the future. I believe that the only viable solution to the pornography problem is the postulate opposite of censorship, namely support for the Politics of Representation. Women should try to capture pornography, as producers, script-writers and directors, in a manner consistent with earlier feminist ventures into other male-dominated fields, such as literature, politics, media, religion, education and science. Going legit, would not only mean that society as a whole will take a less hypocritical stance to the realities of pornography but also that rule would guarantee better working conditions for female porn-workers (e.g. unionization, safe-sex, better security, health and cleanliness). approximately importantly establishing a feminine perspective within the industry would balance wheel the male bias from which it now suffers. Following the example of ventures such as Femme Productions -launched by former porn-worker Candida Royalle and targeting a couple market- sexually explicit material written and produced by women can celebrate womens right to pleasure without complying to sexism and exploitation.Pro-censorship feminists have been mistaken in defining pornography as problem. The explicit representation of sexual scenes is neither intrinsically harmful nor a direct cause of violence. While men retain the reigns of an industry plagued with social stigma, porn will continue to be biased and exploitative. Yet, in the right hands, pornography can become an instrument for feminist action. BIBLIOGRAPHYBarker, I. V. (2000) Editing Pornography, in D. Cornell ed, feminist movement and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University conjure, pp 643- 652Butler, J. (2000) The Force of Fantasy Feminism, Mapplethorpe, and Discursive Excess, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 487-508Carter, A. (2000) Polemical Preface Pornography in the returns of Women, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 527-539Cornell, D. (2000) Pornographys Temptation, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 551-68Dworkin, A. (1990) Pornography Men Possessing Women, London The Womens Press Ltd C. A. M acKinnon (1988) Pornography and Civil Rights A New Day, Minneapolis Organizing Against PornographyKilmer, M.F. (1997) Painters and Pederasts Ancient Art, Sexuality, and Social History,in M. Golden and P. Toohey eds Inventing Ancient Culture Historicism, Periodization, and the Ancient World, London, pp 36-49.MacKinnon, C. A. (1993) except Words, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 94-120Rodgerson, G. E. Wilson ed (1991) Pornography and Feminism the compositors case Against Censorship, Feminists Against Censorship, London Lawrence WishartRoyalle, C. (2000) Porn in the USA, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 540-550Rubin, G. (1992) Misguided, Dangerous and Wrong an Analysis of Anti-pornography Politics, in A. Assiter and A. warble ed, Bad Girls and Dirty Pictures the Challenge to Reclaim Feminism, London Pluto Press, pp 18-40Russell, D. E . H. (2000) Pornography and Rape A Causal Model, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 48-93Sutton, R.F., Jr. (1992) Pornography and Persuasion on Attic Pottery, in A. Richlin ed, Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome, New York, pp 3-35.

meteorology :: essays research papers

midterm1.METAR CYSX 161700Z 24015KT 3SM SN OVC015 4/-5 aq3006 RMK SC8 SLP221In the weather report above, what is the (include units) (6 marks)Wind rule VisibilityCurrent WeatherClouds (base and type)Temperature / Dew PointAltimeter Setting2.Name ii weather elements normally found in a Metar that will non be reported in a SPECI. (2 marks)3. SKC in a TAF stands for ____________________________________________.4. trace completely 1/2SM + RA BR VV020. (3 marks)5. TAF CYPR 061742Z 061806 26015G25KT P6SM SCT020 BKN060FM1800Z 33015G25KT P6SM SCT012 BKN025TEMPO 18045SM SHRAOVC012FM0400Z 33020G30KT 3SM SHRA BR OVC005BECMG 0305 P6SM NSW SCT005 OVC012(a)What is the item of this TAF? (2 marks)(b)At 2000Z what is the call surface plagiarise? (2 marks)(c)What is the lowest ceiling gauge between 18 and 06Z?(d)At 0500Z what weather conditions ar being picture at CYPR? (5 marks)Wind__________________________________________________________________Ceiling___________________________________ ______________________________Visibility_______________________________________________________________Weather and/or obstruction to vision_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(e) At what time be winds forecast to begin to decrease? Explain your answer. (2 marks) 6.FDCN03 CWAO 051530FCST BASED ON 051200 data VALID 061200 FOR USE 06-173000600090001200018000YVR 18382048+032146-032251-082264-19YYF 99001912-012231-032248-072766-18YXC2307+002428-022537-072544-17YZP20262127-052128-122131-192041-31YZT 22152222-032231-082139-142060-25YPU2115-022139-062149-122064-23YXS1834-042240-052246-102056-22YYD1721-062133-092040-151953-27(a)What is the valid period for the forecast winds above? (b)In the digital winds above, wind stress is forecast in degrees____________and wind repair in_____________. (2 marks)(c)What is the forecast wind (direction and travel) and temperature at 12,000 feet over Puntzi Mountian (YPU)? (2 marks)(d)What is the forecast wind direction and speed at 9,000 feet over Kelowna?(2 marks)(e)Estimate the wind direction and speed and temperature over Penticton (YYF) at 15,000 feet. (3 marks)7.Decode completely the following digital wind for 34,000 feet 619935. (4 marks)8.You atomic number 18 flying at 10,000 feet towards an airport with elevation of 2,127 feet. You ask the FSS agent for the current digit winds at 3, 6 and 9 thousand feet and are told that no wind is on hand(predicate) for 3,000 feet. Why is no wind available?9.On a Clouds and Weather panel of a graphic sphere forecast cloud layers will be described as to(a) centre and the base of the cloud(b)amount and the crimp of the cloud(c)amount and the bases and top of the cloud(d)none of the above10.For an equivalent amount of cooling, more vital force is released during condensation at ____________________temperatures.(a)colder(b)warmer(c)they will be the same(d) nada will be absorbed, not released11.The three pri nciple properties of the atmosphere are(a)rain, snow, hail(b)heat, cold, moisture(c)expansion, compression, mobility(d)pressure, temperature, wind12.Atmospheric processes which effect the weather are, for the roughly part, restricted to the(a)thermosphere(b)mesosphere(c)stratosphere(d)troposphere13.The temperature in the lowest part of the stratosphere_______________with altitude.(a)increases(b)nearly constant (c)decreases easily(d)decreases rapidly14.Why when using a graphic area forecast is it important to be aware of the elevation of the local topography?

Complementary Medicines - A Perplexing Pharmaceutical Product Essay

There is no place for the bring of vitamins or complimentary medicinal drugs in pharmacy.Some indicate suggests that antonymous medicines plump can work, and that consumer use of complementary color medicines is on the increase. However, most complementary medicines privation clinical trials that conclusively prove their efficacy. This is further compounded by a lack of clear information on the status of the body of evidence for the support of specific complementary medicines. For pill rollers, considered as drug therapy experts within the community, their translate from a pharmacy presents a serious ethical dilemma, because it is would be foolish to recommend an unverified treatment. This essay will argue that there is no place for the supply of complementary medicines in pharmacy. Reasons for consumer demand for complementary medicine will be reviewed and the ethics of their supply by a pharmacist within a pharmacy will be examined. Within this essay, the circum stance complementary medicines will be intended to include herbal medicines, traditionalistic medicines, vitamins and minerals, nutritional supplements, homeopathic medicines and aromatherapy products as defined by the Therapeutic Goods politics (REFTGA). Complementary medicine use has become wide spread, and by alone accounts, consumer demand is increasing further. A 2004 representative population survey conducted within Australia revealed that 52% of Australians had used a complementary medicine within the sustain twelve months (REF6). (REF2) reports that consumers reasons for accessing complementary medicines are several and varied, and includes a) those without ready access to stodgy therapies, b) those dissatisfied with conventional care, c) those whom conventional me... ...omplementary medicines do not require confirmation of efficacy and therefore their efficacy has not been established. The belief held by just about half of the Australian public that the governme nt tests complementary medicines for efficacy is incorrect. This creates a problem for health care professionals because a risk-benefit profile can not be established, and so consequently they are unable to recommend an unproven complementary medicine. Lack of efficacy also creates ethical challenges for their supply as the community perceives pharmacists as evidence-based experts on drug therapy, but for the majority of complementary medicines this evidence does not exist. Therefore, there is no place for the supply of complementary medicines in pharmacy. (REF5) summaries this position well, when proof of efficacy is lacking, any risk, no bet how remote, is too much to bear.

Womens Role During World War II :: essays papers

Womens Role during WWllWorld fight II was the largest and most ruby armed conflict in the history of mankind. It has affected millions of people somewhat the world both, directly and indirectly.Even though half of a sensation C separates us from the unforgettable event, it left horrible memories in particular in those who saw, mat up and experienced World state of war II which was waged on land, on sea, and in the air all over the earth for approximately six years. Whether its a battle, hospital, or holocaust, there are so m all stories from the survivors, who goat teach us not only about the profession of arms, just now also about military preparations, global strategies and combined operations in the coalition war against fascism.My interviewee went by means of a lot during World War II and sharing her amazing story left me evaluating her words for a long time, rethinking and still not willing to imagine the pain. She was one of the 150,000 American woman served in the W omens phalanx Corps during the war years. They were one of the first gear ones to serve in the ranks of the United States soldiers. She recalls being teased a lot about being a young woman in a uniform but was very proud of it. Women finally were given over the opportunity to make a major contribution to the national affair, especially a world war. It started with a meeting in1941 of Congresswoman Edith Nourse Rogers and General George Marshall, who was the Armys Chief of Staff. Rogers asked General to introduce a bill to build an Army womens corps, where my interviewee, Elizabeth Plancher, was really hoping to get the benefits after the World War II along with other women. ( Since after World War I women came back from war and were not entitled to protection or any medical benefits. ) Mrs. Plancher was a strong-willed woman, dedicated to her goals. She was waiting for this day to turn over and it did finally making many women happy. The bill was introduced in May, 1941. At f irst it failed to receive consideration but General helped to get the bill through the congress. After all the paper work, auditions were passed. Applicants had to be between 20-40. Elizabeth was 22 at that time. She was 54, about 120 lbs which suited the position. Only 1,000 women were accepted into the special Womens Army Auxiliary Corps ( WAAC).

Mycenae Essay -- Greece History Essays

MycenaeProblems with format?Mycenae in southerly Greece is one of the oldest cities in the world, the center of generative myth, culture, and history.? For centuries, legends abounded about the wealth, fame, and force-out of this city, particularly concerning its involvement in the Trojan War.? Yet, just 200 historic period ago, people wondered whether the old-fashioned city of Mycenae even existed.? However, archaeological work in the past two centuries has confirmed the existence and greatness of this ancient civilization.? The study finds include the city?s walls, palace, and tombs.? These discoveries provide a connection to this ancient city and make it come to life again today.?Our first k instanterledge of Mycenae came from Greek legends written by ancient poets who described Mycenae as ?the well-build citadel,? ?the broad-wayed,? and ?rich in gold? (Mylanos 11).? This city was one of the most powerful in the pre-Hellenic period.? According to tradition, Mycenae was found ed by Perseus, one of Zeus? sons.? The last ruler of this line, Eurytheus, obligate the 12 labors on Heracles which led to his murder (LFC 7).? Atreus was then chosen as ruler to begin the Pelopid dynasty.? During this time the city reached its highest point, controlling most of southern Greece and some of the islands.? Agamemnon became the city?s greatest king and led the Greeks against troy in the Trojan War.? When Agamemnon returned from the war, he was killed by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus.? However, Agamemnon?s son, Orestes, killed both of them seven-spot years later and took power.? Under the rule of Orestes? son Tisamenos, the city was destruct by Dorian tribes, ending this civilization.?Until the nineteenth century, m whatever questioned if there was any basis... ... of ancient Greece.? We now have an understanding of pre-Hellenic culture, something that used to exist only(prenominal) in legend.? The excavations of ancient Mycenae confirm the greatn ess of this civilization.? The wealth and skill of the Mycenaeans be demonstrated in their architectural marvels and the contents buried in their graves.? We now can picture the environment in which the great leader Agamemnon lived, opinion over southern Greece and trading throughout the eastern Mediterranean. Works Cited?Mycenaean Age?.? Lake Forest College.? .Mylanos, George E.? Ancient Mycenae The Capitol City of Agamemnon.? Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1957.Samuel, Alan E.? The Mycenaeans in History.? smart York Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1966.Taylour, Lord William.? The Mycenaeans.? London Thames and Hudson, Ltd, 1983.

Drugs Should NOT be Legal :: Against Legalization of Drugs

Drugs Should NOT be LegalEveryone agrees that whateverthing must be done about the tremendous physicaland emotional health worrys that dose abuse military campaigns. Concern about the abuseof do drugss is so widespread that fresh polls indicate it to be one of the closelyserious problems in todays world, threatening the security and freedom of wholenations. Politicians, health experts and much of the everyday public feel that noissue is more important than drug abuse. Americas other pressing socialproblems- disease, poverty, child abuse and neglect, and corruption- often conveya common element that is drug abuse. The use of misappropriated drugs such(prenominal) as cocaine,crack, heroin and marijuana cause extensive harm to the automobile trunk and brain. Yet,even after knowing this many people want penal drugs to be legalized in everyaspect. The last thing we need is a policy that makes widely availablesubstances that impair memory, concentration and attention couplet wh y in Godsname foster the uses of drugs that make you stupid? The operate for druglegalization is morally disgusting.The number of people who ar habituate toillegal drugs or argon users of these drugs is quite shocking. Drug abuse isunderstandably an injurious and sometimes fatal problem. The leaders of theinternational economic treetop in Paris in July 1989 concluded that thedevastating proportions of the drug problem calls for decisive action. OnSeptember 5, 1989, President Bush called upon the United States to critical point in anall-out fight against drugs. The United States Congress reports an estimated 25to 30 million addicts of illegal drugs worldwide. Not all users are addicts, butsome of the 26 million regular users of illegal drugs in the United States areaddicted. Reports of child abuse to New York social services tripled between1986 and 1988 and most of the cases involved drug abuse. Approximately 35percent of the inmates of state prison house were under the influenc e of illegal drugsat the time they committed the crimes for which they are incarcerated. In someparts of the country, that percentage is as high as 75 to 80 Another fact thathits people hard is that out-right deaths from illegal drugs have quadrupled inthe last ten courses The proportion of 19 to 22 year olds who were at risk fromusing illegal drugs go from 44 percent in 1980 to 69 percent in 1987. Among17-18 year olds the shift over the same interval was from 50 percent to 74percent (Williams 226) The abuse of illegal drugs is very threatening toAmericas future. These drugs are the cause of many problems and crimes.

General George Patton :: Free Essays

General George Patton was one of the most colorful Gen.sof the flash World War which inturn gave him thenickname old blood and guts (Patton fib channel).Inthis paper I will show you the many interesting detail a boutPatton. George Patton was born in San Gabriel inCalifornia in the year 1885 He was educated at the U.S.Military Academy(Patton,George smith Encarta).In 1909at his graduation he was commissioned as a endorsementlieutenant(Patton,George ENCARTA 1of 1) In 1917 heserved as aide-e-c ampere to the American general canfulPershing On Pershings expedition to Mexico(PattonEncarta 1 of 1). However,in France during WWI Pattonopened a tank reproduction school and commanded a Tankbrigades(Patton, ENCARTRA 1 of 1). In 42 & 43 hecommanded U.S. forces in Morocco, Tunisia,andSicily(Patton ENCARTA 1 of 1).In that company there isa notorious incident in which the hot-tempered generalslapped a spend suffering from battle fatigue detractedfrom his Military record(history channel 1 of 1). Here argon some fameist quotes from Patton (Dans Quote PagePatton )------------------------------------------------------------------------"Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to doand they will surprise you with their ingenuity." -GeneralGeorge S. Patton "Watch what people are cynical about,and one can often discover what they lack." -GeneralGeorge S. Patton "Do your damnedest in an ostentatiousmanner all the time." -General George S. Patton "Successis how high you bounce when you agree bottom." -GenrealGeorge S. Patton "Lead me, follow me, or get out of myway." -General George S. Patton "Courage is cultism holdingon a minute longer." -Genreal George S. Patton Thesequotes came from DANS QUOTE PAGE (THANKSDAN). In early 44 he was given command of the famous troika Army. His controversial outspokenness,uncompromising standards, and aggressive combatstrategy, he played a key role in the headlong Alliedarmored pu shing to Germany. Patton is best know for his

Comparing The Indian to His Love and The Hosting of the Sidhe Essay

The Indian to His Love and The Hosting of the Sidhe        The Aesthetic Movement, as exemplified by The Indian to His Love, by W. B. Yeats, seems lifeless and insipid when comp ard to his The Hosting of the Sidhe.  The images of the two poems are so all in all different  that they almost demand a different set of rules dealings with their creation.  It would be virtually impossible for Yeats to deal effectively with the subject affair of The Hosting of the Sidhe in the same manner as The Indian to His Love because he is viewing the world from a different perspective for each poem.            in that location is little relationship between the characters of The Indian to His Love and those of The Hosting of the Sidhe.  In the former, Yeats deals exclusively with mortals, idealized perhaps, but nonetheless mortals who must deal with the world as mortals  Here we will moor our lovely ship/ And wand er invariably with woven hands, and.  How we alone of mortals are.  These characters are not only mortals, but are anonymous in that they have no personal identities, and there is no representation of them as individuals.  The lovers seem to decorate the scene much as the peahens and the parrot.  Yeats does, however, remind the readers of the characters mortality even while he makes them seem timeless.  How when we come ab break through our shades will rove  tells  clearly that those mortals may be in a dream, but even this dream is destined to end.           In The Hosting of the Sidhe, in contrast to The Indian and His Love, Yeats deals with the ... ...e the reader at all.  On the other hand, in The Hosting of the Sidhe, Yeats presents the ideal of life  immortals in a real world.  Yeats wants the reader to musical note the life in this poem, not just observe it.  The poem reaches out and c oaxes Away, come away/ Empty your heart of its mortal dream.  The world Yeats sees in each poem is completely different, and by choosing his words carefully and ever-changing his style of writing, he allows readers to see that difference and to feel it.                                                      handouts   home          

Comparing the Anti-Social Plays of Cyrano de Bergerac and Night of the

The Anti-Social Plays of Cyrano de Bergerac and Night of the Iguana   Cyrano is clearly a discontinue example of an anti-social play than Night of the Iguana Not only is this shown by the main characters and their relationship to each other, tho more important, it is shown in the themes of these ii plays.   Shannon is unmistakably an ideal character for an anti-social play While Cyrano may be alienated from society, it is, in legion(predicate) ways, through his own choice. For instance, he could oblige a position at court with his skill with poetry, but quite he chooses to follow his own conscience What would you yield me do? ... similar a creeping vine on a t on the whole tree, crawl up? ... No thank you Cyrano wants to make himself in all things admirable, and he is the bravest fighter, the typic poet, the quintessential loer, an individualistic moralist (he eats meat on Fridays, but expects to go to Heaven), the finest writer, and the greatest thinker. Shannon, in contrast, is none of these things. A defrocked minister, he is a lover only of teenage girls, and he is neither a poet nor a writer. Shannon is a thinker and a moralist, but these only contribute to his closing off from society His thoughts on God and morality get him locked out of the church service of which he is the pastor.   Cyrano is also in control over his relationships Ragueneau and Le Bret perpetually follow Cyranos lead when he condescends to tell them what to do even Roxane could possess been his had he not been hindered by his sense of honor. Shannon, on the other hand, is knock about this way and that by the stronger characters in Iguana. He seems to have control over his relationship with Maxine, but at the end he acquiesces to her wishes. The only rel... ...ef that in that respect is nothing to believe in anymore. The emergence of many philosophies (such as existentialism, atheistical satanism, objectivism, nihilism, and hedonism) which focus on despai r or selfishness also reflects this. Anti-social plays, of which we have many in modern times, address the concepts of despair that these influential modern philosophies have in common.   What is the way out of the despair that our society feels and the anti-social plays reflect? In a word humanism. Humanism is a (usually atheistic) philosophy which espouses the well-being of all of the worlds people as the highest ethical goal. As a species, we have move our belief in deities and we have placed our belief in knowledge. exclusively a belief in ourselves can now save us from the self-destructive downward spiral that the anti-social plays suggest our society has entered.  

Alicia Zakon’s Poem, Remote Control Essay -- Poetry Alicia Zakon Remo

Two of the main elements in whatever poesy are theme and symbolism. This holds true in Alicia Zakons poem titled Remote agree. It essentially tells about the relationship in the midst of a man and a charwoman, and how the man has the remote control to the womans life. The symbols employ are very meaningful to the overall theme. The theme of Remote Control is also very important, and non just a topic for a good poem but a real problem in society too. The writing would be much less effective if not for the symbols used throughout the very strong overall message.Symbolism is define as the pr wagerice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. The whole poem is, in essence, one devil symbol. The opening line questions, Why you let him play you like a video?. All in all, this summarizes the entire poem. Zakon uses symbols to question a woman why she lets her boyfriend, or possibly husban d, treat her the way he does. Zakon asks why she lets him control her, ultimately stating he has the remote control to her life. She says that he shift your channels because he cant stand your show, meaning he tells her how to act when he does not like her attitude. The line Hypnotize you until the screen turns docile, representing the man putting the woman into a trance so to speak, so she says exactly what he wants her to say, and does exactly what he wants her to do.However, when Zakon states ...

Imagery In Macbeth :: essays research papers

Imagery in Macbeth     William Shakespeares play, (if indeed he did write it) Macbeth is rife with killing, and is probably only second in caudexiness to his in the low place play, Titus Andronicus. Not only is phone line a key part of the darn for obvious reasons, it is withal an example of imagery, representing several different symbols throughout the play. In the beginning, blood represents honor. Later, blood seems to show treachery. A the end of the play Shakespeare uses blood to show Macbeths guilt for whole his evil and greedy fares.      The first reference of blood occurs when Duncan sees the injured sergeant and says, "What blinking(a) man is that?" (1.2.1) The fag is referring to the brave messenger who has just returned from a war. Soon after, the bloody victor praises Macbeths deeds in battle, saying that he held his mark "Which have with bloody execution" (1.2.20), gist that Macbeths bravery was sho wn by his sword covered in the hot blood of the enemy.       After at first symbolizing bravery, blood soon becomes an image representing treachery and treason. When Lady Macbeth is essay to summon enough courage to have the king killed, she cries out to spirit to "make thick my blood," (1.5.50) pith that she wants to try and be as ruthless as possible so that she can perform this treacherous deed. Macbeth also calls the act of treason the ...bloody business... (2.1.60) In addition, Lady Macbeth knows that blood is evidence of treason, and so she shifts the blame onto others by telling Macbeth to "smear the sleepy grooms with blood," (2.2.64) Throughout act two, whenever a character speaks of Duncans murder, they always refer to it as the bloody deed or the bloody murder, showing that blood has taken on the meaning of treason.      In addition to treason, blood also represents guilt and regret in act two. Shortly after he has killed Duncan, Macbeth asks himself, "Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?," (2.2.78-79) meaning that he is already disturbed by his awful deed. Later, during the banquet scene, blood represents the guilt that haunts Macbeth. Banquos ghost (who is covered in blood) appears and haunts Macbeth, who says, ... they blood is cold..., (3.4.114) meaning that Macbeth feels guilty and is scared of Banquos cold revenge.      Blood as a symbol of guilt shows itself very well in the scene in which Lady Macbeth walks in her sleep.

Class Distinictions in Pygmalion Essay -- essays papers

Class Distinictions in PygmalionPygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, is a thrilling dramain which a scientist of ph atomic number 53tics tries to transform acockney speaking Covent Garden flower girl into a womanhood aspoised and well-spoken as a duchess. The play considers whatever of the illusions of the class distinctions. This isrepresented by the characters, their situations, and theiraphoristic comments. Eliza Doolittle starts out as a sassy, smart-mouthedflower girl with disgraceful English. See goes to turn aroundProfessor Higgins to see if he will teach her to speakproperly and act to a greater extent like a brothel keeper. This also would requireher to become a high-classed division of society. I want to be a lady in a flower shop stead of sellin atthe corner of Tottenham Court Road. barely they wont takeme unless I can talk more genteel. He said he couldteach me. Well, here I am realize to pay himnot askingany favorand he treats me zif I was dirt. (1160) That was the flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, talking toColonel Pickering about how she want to become a lady andhow Mr. Higgins refused to help her because she belongs tothe lower-classed section of society. Later she finallyconvinces Mr. Higgins to help her, but to him she is scarcely anexperiment of phonetics.Mr. Higgins is a high-classed professor of phonetics. He believes in concepts like transparent speech, and used allmanners of recording and photographic material to scrollhis phonetic subjects. This reduces people and theirdialects into what he sees as easily understandable units. However, he is also a very eccentric man. He goes in the foe direction from the rest of society for mostmatters. He is also very impatient with high so... ...g life means makingtrouble. Theres only one way of escaping trouble andthats killing things. Cowards, you notice, are alwaysshrieking to countenance trouble round people killed (1199). That was Mrs. Higgins talking to L iza. This comment thatshe made was definitely an aphorism. This is because shewas making a wise observation on trouble in life. She is give tongue to that all parts of life including all well-disposed classeshave some trouble in them, but that is what makes it life. Without trouble life would be windy and pointless.The fact that Pygmalion contains illusions of classdistinctions is clearly shown through the characters, theirsituations, and their aphoristic comments. In Elizas questto become a lady she had to deal with many social classproblems, however, she overcomes them with the help of Hr.Higgins and becomes a high class lady.

Essay on The Theme of Rappaccini’s Daughter -- Rappaccinis Daughter E

Rappaccinis Daughter The division In Nathaniel Hawthornes tale, Rappaccinis Daughter, the dominanat subject is the mephistophelian within mankind. This rise intends to explore, exemplify and develop this topic. Hyatt Waggoner in Nathaniel Hawthorne states Alienation is perhaps the theme he handles with greatest power. Insulation, he sometimes called it which suggests not only closing off but imperviousness. It is the opposite of that osmosis of being that Warren has written of, that ability to move and relate to others and the world. . . . it puts one outside the magic circle or the magnetised chain of humanity, where there is neither love nor reality (54). Waggoners theme of alienation does play a part in Rappaccinis Daughter in reference to the doctor and Beatrice, and Giovanni after he has been rendered evil by prolonged contact with Beatrice. But alienation is not, in the judgment of this reader, the dominant theme in the tale. The overriding theme would be the e vil residing within human beings, regardless of how attractive they appear outwardly. Everything he has to produce is related, finally, to that inward sphere (McPherson 68-69). Giovannis love for the beautiful daughter blinds him to unlike indications of her poisonous nature, to the evil nature of her father and to the intent of her father to charter Giovanni as a subject in his sinister experiment. At the windup his blindness is removed and he sees, with Beatrices help, the truth of the situation he sees the evil within man. The tale takes place in Padua, Italy, where a Naples schoolchild named Giovanni Guascanti has relocated in order to attend the medical school there. His modes... ...es Press, 1968. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Rappaccinis Daughter. ElectronicText Center. University of Virginia Library. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=HawRapp&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Fawcett Premier, 1966. McPherson, Hugo. Hawthornes Use of Mythology. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Waggoner, Hyatt. Nathaniel Hawthorne. In Six American Novelists of the Nineteenth Century, edited by Richard Foster. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press, 1968. Williams, Stanley T. Hawthornes Puritan Mind. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996.

Mirror by Sylvia Plath, 789-790. :: English Literature

Mirror by Sylvia Plath, 789-790. wherefore genus Silvia Plath wrote a rime about a mirror?Sylvia Plath was born(p) on 27 October 1932, at Massachusetts MemorialHospital.She was an excellent pupil in game school. Her first song appearedwhen she was eight. Once graduated from high school, She entered SmithCollege in 1950 on a scholarship.On 24 gilded 1953, she attempted suicide swallowing sleeping pills.Sylvia was readmitted to Smith College for the spring-semester 1954after receiving electro shock therapy discussion for her recovery. Shegraduated with honors from Smith College winning a Fulbrightscholarship at Cambridge, England. there she found Ted Hughes and gotmarried with him on 16 June 1956. The social class of 1958 was very nerve-wrackingfor their relationship. On the last day of school she found herhusband beguiler on her with a juvenility student.In April1960, Frieda Rebecca (their first child) was born.Later that year Plath became pregnant again and in February she had amiscarriage. She also had an appendectomy, which left her secure &hospitalized for a number of weeks. On 17 January 1962 Plath NicholasFarrar (their second child) was born. Late in September the marriedcouple decided for a legal separation. In October Plath wrote over 25poems and they were the best. In November she and her children movedto London where they had no rally and the heat was no enough forthe cold. Plath spent most of her time in London very lonely. Thewinter from 1962 to 1963 was recorded as one of the coldest in Londonever. Sewer pipes froze and there was plenty of ice and snow on theground. She and her children got sick leading her to a depression. On11 February 1963, Plath took her own life. She set(p) her head in agas oven and died of gas intoxication.Why Silvia wrote a poem about a mirror?Silvia wrote this poem the same year she committed suicide. The reasonwhy she wrote a poem about a mirror is because at that time she wasdoing a dark introspection and she did not like what she saw, she wasafraid of growing older. She also mentioned her aid of growing olderin another journal that she wrote.Quotations for supportWhen Plath was young she checked at the mirror and see herselfsuperficially she did not look recondite into herselfI am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. whatever I see I swallow immediatelyJust as it is, unmisted by love or dislike (789).But as Plath ages, She begins to look into herself deeper than just

How to Start a Community Service Project :: Community Service Essays

A continuous community service of process tramp involves m each pieces that have to fulfill together perfectly in order to complete the puzzle. The first t oneness of voice is to determine your idea for your go steady. Then you have to find a guidance to sponsor your funds. Next is the step where you pinpoint which organization your community service project is going to benefit and whole the event details. Finally, it is time to pitch your community service project into drive. Your community service should be one to benefit the people of a community.To start off, you need to come up with an idea for your community service project. Try looking in books for ideas or search your community for answers. Ask yourself, What could my community benefit from? Is there something your previous(prenominal) family could have benefited from if someone has implement a community service project for them? If you argon a association president wanting to start a community service pro ject, ask your fellow members what ideas they have. Another source is elderly c ar home and non profitable organizations. You could also ask those places if they need any patron or if there is any community service project ideas they want someone to perform for them. Is there a certain headache you have for your community and would similar to help out? You ignore of all time do something someone has don before and continue their project. These are all things to help you think of an idea. there are so many places you can look in order to find an idea. The ideas are innumerable and there is always someplace and someone who needs help.Some examples may help you understand the ideas of what to do for your project. Once example is starting a bingo night at an elder care or childrens home. It is an easy problem that many people do and that all people love. If someone in your family was in a orphanage, you could as a local orphanage how you could help. Tragedies are alway s occurring, and you could help raise money for a relief organization. If you are starting a community service project for a club at school, you could always do an activity within the school like monthly teacher appreciation or a weekly tutoring session. There are so many paths you can take when building a trail of community service projects.

Loons :: essays research papers

"The Loons"     Piquette Tonnerre was daughter of Lazarus. She had long black hair and her broad coarse-featured stage bore on expression Piqutte was thirteen years old. She was older than genus genus Vanessa, scarcely they were together in the same grade. Piquette failed several grades, because her attendance had always been intermittent and her interest in preparework was negligible. She missed a lot of school because she had tuberculosis of the bone, and had once spent months in hospital Piquettes voice was cacophonic and she was limping when she was walking. She wore grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long.     Jules Tonnerre built a sm each square cabin which was made of poplar poles and chinked with mud. He Built it about fifty years before, when he came back from Batoche with a bullet in his thigh. Jules had only intended to stay the winter in the Wachakwa Valley.     The cottage on Diamond Lake had a sign on the channel bore in austere letters name MacLead. It was a enormous cottage it was on the lakefront. eitherthing around the cottage were ferns, and sharp-branched raspberry bushes, and moss that had grown everyplace fallen tree trunks. Above the backdoor there was the broad moose antlers that hung there.     Vanessa loved the summer at Diamond Lake because she loved to listen to the loons all night. She as well as loved because she would go swimming in the lake. Vanessa also loved to go there because she could spent more eon with her father. For type they would go at night to the lake to listen to the loons carefully because some daytime they can just disappear. She also loved it because she got to see her best whizz Marvis.     Piquette wasnt actually interested in the surrounding and the loons or the lake. Most of her time she spent on the cottage with Beth helping to do the dishes or with Roddie. Every time when Vanessa asked her about the nanter she sounded corresponding she didnt care about it or she didnt that she didnt know anything about nature.     Piquette reacted this way because she never used to go places like Diamonds Lake. She always had to do all the work at home for example, she had to clean.     Vanessa Piquette four years later, one Saturday night when Mavis and her were having Cokes in the proud Cafe. Piquette was seventeen but Vanessa thought she looked like twenty.

Lives of Women in the Renaissance Essay -- European History Feminism F

Lives of Women in the conversionThe renaissance began a momentous prison term in the report of Western Europe. Many reinvigorated forms and styles of arts, literature, and customs emerged during this period. Economic, companionable, and pagan changes abnormal the lives of everyone. in particular the role of women in society was affected. There were quadruple categories of women wives, m some others, widows and daughters. Within each(prenominal) of these categories, certain duties were evaluate. Jacob Burckhardt once wrote, to understand the higher forms of social intercourse in this period, we must keep before our minds the fact that women stood on a ground of perfect equality with men.. It is a widely know fact that this in no way was true. Inequalities surrounded by men and women stomach always affected society. Men were constantly gaining up on women and round of them with contempt. They believed that char was more than sliminessful than man. This belief goes bac k to original sin when Eve had been seduced by the devil. Eves actions made men assume that women deserved to suffer. However, the renascence helped to narrow the tornado between the two sexes. All women whether they are of fearful blood, a storekeeper?s sister, or a farm prole?s daughter, were rigid on a higher pedestal therefore they had expected during this time. Women?s positions in society had effects on the renascence period only as great as any mans. horrible women don?t appear to make a hard life, however when you look between the lines they have it just as rough as any other women of that time. From the beginning, young women were required to learn the basic kinsfolk skills that they would be expected to execute as wives and mothers. These women did perform textile work, alone they did it for luxury, they did not actu... ...his time. The highest cheering which could then be given to a woman was that she had the mind and the braveness of men. Although they d id earn some rights, women were still forbidden to checker office, paternal powers in the family, receive inheritance and many other things. The pixilated women who were fortunate replete to receive a small form of development potentially could have done much more if they were given the akin opportunities that men were given. labor party class women who did everything around the house, from shearing the sheep to raising the children, were too highly depreciated. The spiritual rebirth in Western Europe brought forward new ideas and as Renaissance is defined, ?the revival or rebirth? so was the stave of society adjoin the women. Women were given the chance to take the higher graduation in society, which they essay jumping on, but were often pushed back down. Lives of Women in the Renaissance Essay -- European History Feminism FLives of Women in the RenaissanceThe renaissance began a momentous time in the history of Western Europe. Many new forms and styles of arts, literature, and customs emerged during this period. Economic, social, and cultural changes affected the lives of everyone. Particularly the role of women in society was affected. There were four categories of women wives, mothers, widows and daughters. Within each of these categories, certain duties were expected. Jacob Burckhardt once wrote, to understand the higher forms of social intercourse in this period, we must keep before our minds the fact that women stood on a footing of perfect equality with men.. It is a widely known fact that this in no way was true. Inequalities between men and women have always affected society. Men were constantly gaining up on women and spoke of them with contempt. They believed that woman was more sinful than man. This belief goes back to original sin when Eve had been seduced by the devil. Eves actions made men assume that women deserved to suffer. However, the Renaissance helped to narrow the gap between the two sexes. All women whether they are of noble blood, a shopkeeper?s sister, or a farm worker?s daughter, were placed on a higher pedestal then they had expected during this time. Women?s positions in society had effects on the Renaissance period just as great as any mans. Noble women don?t appear to have a hard life, but when you look between the lines they have it just as rough as any other women of that time. From the beginning, young women were required to learn the basic household skills that they would be expected to execute as wives and mothers. These women did perform textile work, but they did it for luxury, they did not actu... ...his time. The highest praise which could then be given to a woman was that she had the mind and the courage of men. Although they did earn some rights, women were still forbidden to hold office, paternal powers in the family, receive inheritance and many other things. The wealthy women who were fortunate enough to receive a small form of education potentially could have don e much more if they were given the same opportunities that men were given. Labor class women who did everything around the house, from shearing the sheep to raising the children, were also highly depreciated. The Renaissance in Western Europe brought forward new ideas and as Renaissance is defined, ?the revival or rebirth? so was the circle of society surrounding the women. Women were given the chance to take the higher step in society, which they tried jumping on, but were often pushed back down.