The History of France

One author has state that " clever life in France 'took off' after Abelard" (Cole, 1989, 47). By the fourteenth century, genus Paris had become the intellectual center of Europe and the University of Paris was the reason. The university had courses in rhetoric, logic, metaphysics, moral, and natural philosophy. The scholastics, who were the thinkers of that time, had debates between the philosophies of realism and nominalism. Realism was the gull that abstractions, such as mathematics, had a real existence. The nominalists believed that abstractions did not in truth exist, but they were merely useful intellectual devices to speculate with. The french took sides in this debate. As one author notes, "the French followed 'realism' straight off to Rene Descartes in the seventeenth century, who linked it with modern mathematics to rush 'rationalism'" (Cole, 1989, 64).

Descartes, with his work Discourse on Method, began the modern era in philosophy. He logically followed his methodical doubt until he tack together one indisputable fact, that whenever he thought, he existed. From this one certainty, he was able to rationally deduce the rest of knowledge. Although many a(prenominal) succeeding philosophers have questioned his conclusions, his methodical and subjective system of rationality tidy sum the stage for all subsequent Western philosophy.

In the eighteenth century, a group of philo

They created spick-and-span expressions for established ideas, and some new ideas of their own.

Above all, they created an atmosphere of intellectual ferment in which dissatisfaction with the failings of the Ancien Regime was readily expressed and acted upon (Cole, 1989, 101).

Jones, C. (1994) Cambridge illustrated floor France. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

In the twentieth century, there have been many great French writers, including Proust, Gide, Malraux, Camus, and Sartre. As one author states close to Sartre and his fame, "in the 1950s and '60s, Sartre himself, novelist, philosopher, and homme engage, emerged as the country's most renowned tete-a-tete man" (Bernstein, 1990, 192).

sophers, called the philosophes, arose. They were, generally, critics of society and many of their ideas influenced the French Revolution. These thinkers were Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Alembert, Condillac, and others:

Coles, R. (1989). A traveller's archives of France. Interlink Books.

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